Таможенные учреждения Таврической губернии во второй половине XIX века. По материалам фонда Евпаторийской таможни в Государственном архиве Республики Крым

Introduction. In the electoral process, innovative technologies are legitimately and/or are de facto introduced. These are complex tools, the result of the integration of artificial intelligence, technology and human behaviour in elections. The article analyses the influence of these technologies on the electoral process from the standpoint of ensuring the rule of law. Theoretical Basis. Methods. In a State governed by the rule of law, the rule of law should fully apply to all stages of the electoral process. The paradigm (sample) of traditional approaches assumes direct physical commission of electoral actions by citizens, political parties, and other election participants, based on the presumption: “here and now”. The introduction of innovative technologies in the electoral process entails not only a change in forms, but also, as the quantitative growth increases, a change in the paradigm of the electoral process from traditional to digital, but at the same time the rule of law must be maintained. Results. The analysis of the functioning of innovative technologies shows their multi- vector and contradictory impact on the electoral process: from creating convenience for participants to complicating the structure, replacing electoral actions with transactions. Currently, there is no understanding of the legal significance of transactions in the electoral process, their relationship to electoral actions. The practice of Russian elections follows the path of changing the electoral process not by law, but by technical solutions that are a priori considered legitimate or do not allow their assessment from the position of the rule of law. As a result, the rule of electoral law is either ignored or is simply purely formal. The well-known principles of electoral law exist as if in parallel, without having a real impact on the introduction and regulation of innovative technologies of the electoral process. It is necessary to include innovative technologies in the subject of electoral law. A serious contribution to the solution of this problem would be the legislative consolidation of the principle of security of the electoral process. In this case, we are not talking about security in relation to public order. The content of the new principle should be a broad set of obligations of the state as an organiser of elections, including the obligation to fully verify these technologies, their transparency, new rights and guarantees of election participants, and public control. Discussion and Conclusion. The predominant use of innovative technologies aimed at providing voting services does not always have a positive impact on the integrity of the electoral process and the operation of the principles of electoral law. It is advisable to take care of the introduction and use of innovative technologies to serve them at all stages of the electoral process with unconditional guarantees of the rule of law.

The article identifies the problem of finding a modern format of teacher development in the system of postgraduate education. The necessity of using innovative pedagogical technologies of teaching as an aspect of innovative activity of a higher school teacher in the context of development of modern education, in particular postgraduate, is revealed. The range of innovative pedagogical technologies, methods, receptions as effective tools of professional development of the teacher in the conditions of postgraduate education is defined. Aspects of professional interaction that contribute to the creation of a creative scientific and educational environment of the educational process are characterized. Interactive technologies that are determined by the interaction of teachers and teachers (students of advanced training courses) become effective tools of higher education. Aspects of realization of innovation of educational process in establishments of higher and postgraduate education are defined. We outlined practical changes in the professional activity of the teacher, determined by the willingness to improve pedagogical skills, to develop various components of professional competence, i.e. to constantly develop their own professional resources. The practical experience of using innovative pedagogical technologies, methods and techniques and forms of organization of the educational process, contributing to the active continuous professional development of teachers in the system of postgraduate education, are highlighted. The scientific-methodical and didactic support of professional development of teachers in the context of technologicalization of the postgraduate world is presented. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the application of innovative pedagogical technologies in the activities of higher education teachers in the context of postgraduate teacher education. Research methods used: theoretical analysis and systematization of scientific sources − allowed to identify the state of the problem of application of innovative technologies in the modern educational process; pedagogical observation and systematization − allowed to get the results of research on the active introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies, methods and techniques in the system of postgraduate education; generalization and structuring − allowed to develop scientific –methodological, and didactic support for the continuous development of teachers in the system of postgraduate education. Conclusions were made on the introduction of innovative technologies in the educational process of higher education institutions, in particular postgraduate education institutions, which contribute to more effective mastery of educational material, its understanding and practical self-realization; creates conditions for continuous development and self-development of teachers throughout life.

The development of innovative information technologies in the modern world has become a necessity for improving the efficiency of activities of financial institutions and improving the quality of financial services provided to economic agents. The State plays an important role in creating a favorable environment for the implementation of such technologies. However, the introduction of innovative technologies by financial institutions is associated with risks that require the State-based regulation to ensure the stability and reliability of functioning of a financial system. The article discusses the issues of improving the State-based regulation of the processes of development and introduction of information and innovative technologies by financial institutions in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the substantiation of the need for such regulation. It is determined that the construction of a model of such regulation should be based on the balance of interests of financial institutions, their desire to implement digital technologies for their own development, on the one hand and, on the other hand, their clients, who want to be sure that their personalized information will not be made public to third parties thus leading to a loss of financial resources. The article fragmentarily analyzes the current trends in the development of banking and non-bank financial institutions, describes the transformation processes that have taken place in the model of the State-based regulation of financial institutions in Ukraine. As a result, taking into account the current objective processes of digitalization of both the activities of financial institutions and public authorities that regulate them, measures for the formation and ensuring the effectiveness of the State-based regulation on the introduction of information and communication technologies by financial institutions are proposed, namely: creation of a transparent and open regulatory environment; ensuring a high level of cybersecurity and protection of the customers’ personal data; promoting active cooperation between the State-based regulators, financial institutions, and public organizations for the development and implementation of innovative solutions in the field of balanced use of such technologies.

The modern world is at a new stage in its development, which is due to the large-scale and massive introduction of innovative digital technologies. The introduction of information and communication technologies led to the digital transformation of the entire world economic system and the formation of a new type of economy - a digital one based on the use of the most advanced digital technologies. Under digital transformation within traditional sectors, new directions began to emerge that became the drivers of the development of an innovative economy. This is Industry 4.0 in industry and Fintech in the financial sector, which allows the formation of new approaches to management and organization within their areas. The introduction of innovative technologies in today's world is happening with great acceleration: something that used to take years, today take a few months. Technologies that used to be in the field of research and experimentation have moved into practical implementation; big data processing technologies have become one of these technologies in recent years. The basic concepts and principles of big data are analyzed in the paper; their participation and integration into the third technology platform are considered. The development of big data is proceeding rapidly. Many countries joined the race in this area, in connection with which the development of the Russian big data market was evaluated: a financial analysis of the market was carried out, growth rates were determined, and the main players were identified. As part of the study, an industry analysis of the Russian big data market was made. Particular attention within the analysis was paid to the reasons and barriers that stand in the way of the development of big data in Russia. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the main trends were identified for the further development and application of these technologies in the Russian economy.

The article determines that in the modern conditions of the development of the fourth industrial revolution, the emergence of cyber-physical complexes combined into one digital ecosystem, a significant role in economic growth is assigned to scientific and technological progress and the intellectualization of production processes. The introduction of innovative technologies is the main factor in market competition, by increasing production efficiency and improving the quality of goods and services. By creating favorable conditions for the development of scientific and technological progress, the constant introduction of innovative equipment, technologies and material resources into production, it is possible to achieve high development of economic entities and the country as a whole, which will increase the level of gross domestic product (GDP). Innovation-oriented development of business entities plays a major role in the modern economy and is an objective element of its functioning. Without the development and implementation of innovations, it is impossible to ensure the growth of productive forces and create conditions for the effective development of production taking into account digital technologies. The article determines that the issue of innovation-oriented development of business entities, taking into account digital transformations, is a detailed concretization of the task of developing methods for managing competitiveness with the help of an innovative component. Economic crises, the unstable position of the majority of domestic business entities, insufficient financial resources, the lack of an effective system for motivating human capital and an inflexible management system have formed dubious guidelines for the implementation of the innovation process. For the effective innovation-oriented development of business entities in the context of digital transformations, it is necessary to create organizational and economic mechanisms that will stimulate the entire process of creating an innovative product or service. We need an interest in the innovation-oriented development of institutional bodies of state and local self-government, as well as business structures that will finance innovative projects, form and implement effective innovative development strategies and create conditions for their implementation.

The mechanism of ensuring the development of health facilities of JSC Ukrzaliznytsya has been described in the article, the author's definition of the concept of the mechanism of development has been provided. The mechanism for ensuring the development of health care facilities is based on the allocation of target, production, innovation, financial and information subsystems. It is determined that the mechanism of ensuring the development of health care facilities is influenced by information flows from the external environment of the enterprise and internal factors, due to the level of development of the strategic potential of the institution. The target subsystem for the development of health care facilities includes strategic goals, objectives, basic criteria for assessing the capacity of the institution, and principles. The production subsystem is directly responsible for the development of healthcare facilities through the implementation of a development strategy, a set of measures to improve the efficiency of operations. The innovation subsystem is represented by a set of tools that facilitate innovation. The main task of the financial subsystem is to ensure the process of development of financial resources. The main task of the information subsystem is to provide the process of development, development and implementation of innovative medical technologies with the necessary reliable information. Key tools for development are identified by the Medical Technology Center, the Development Investment Fund, and the Virtual Health Center. An important tool for ensuring the proper level of development of health care institutions is the organization of a health - a certain Internet space, which, on the one hand, will provide opportunities for different categories of participants of the medical and diagnostic process of all health care facilities Ukrzaliznytsia, on the other hand, will provide all participants of innovation processes with the necessary information on the introduction of innovative technologies. The basic goals, tasks, peculiarities of functioning of the virtual health center in the aspect of providing the medical-diagnostic process and in the aspect of providing the process of creating a closed cycle of development and introduction of innovative medical technologies are revealed.

One of the tasks of higher education institutions in the conditions of Ukraine's integration into the European and global scientific and educational space is the professional training of future teachers who are capable of organizing creative educational activities, searching for and creating innovations, which involves the formation of the learner's scientific outlook, critical thinking, development of projective, analytical, reflexive, communicative, and other skills. It has been found that the professional development of future teachers begins during their studies at higher education institutions in the course of professional training, which is considered as a comprehensive process of acquiring theoretical knowledge by future teachers, mastering and consolidating general pedagogical and specialized skills and abilities, the result of which is considered to be the development of readiness for professional activity in future teachers. It is noted that the professional development of future specialists during their studies at higher education institutions will be facilitated by the introduction of innovative teaching technologies into the educational process, which corresponds to the nature and pace of social changes in society, high European standards of training competitive specialists of an innovative type. The essence of the process of professional development is defined as a process that contributes to achieving an optimal balance between the complex of requirements placed on the teaching profession as a whole, and which involves the professional socialization of the individual through the need for self-realization and self-education; the role of innovative technologies in the professional development of future specialists in higher education institutions is substantiated, the variability of innovative technologies that contribute to the professional development of students during their studies at higher education institutions is revealed. It is established that the professional development of future teachers is facilitated by the introduction of innovative technologies into the educational process of higher education pedagogical institutions, including such technologies as interactive technologies, gaming technologies, project technologies, information and communication technologies, and multimedia technologies, which have become widespread in the conditions of blended learning.

The article analyzes foreign experience on the introduction of innovative technologies in inclusive and special education through the disclosure of conceptual issues related to the functioning of the system of general, special and inclusive education both in Ukraine and abroad. Domestic and foreign achievements in the direction of social and pedagogical rehabilitation of children with special educational needs are analyzed. It is revealed that in the USA and Europe, they actively promote access to education, mainstreaming, integration, and inclusion. It is proved that in most European countries and the USA, special education is an organic part of general education, has an integrated material base and specific methods of teaching a child with special needs within the framework of adjusted standards and individual educational programs. Foreign publications, which cover the introduction of active teaching methods, organizational forms and innovative technologies in inclusive and special education, are analyzed. In the course of the analysis of the foreign experience of inclusive and special education, it is established that the optimization of interpersonal relations of children with special needs should be carried out in different activities, taking into account their characteristics A correctional and developmental program for optimizing interpersonal relationships with peers of primary school children with hearing impairments in the form of development of communication skills and social behaviour skills is developed, which includes the following aspects: development of empathy, development of social behaviour, positive attitude “I”, the formation of a positive attitude towards peers. The step-by-step psychological and pedagogical support of inclusive education of junior schoolchildren with special educational needs is offered: preliminary, activity, effective. Innovative rehabilitation technologies in inclusive and special education, which are of interest for comprehensive practice, are highlighted.
 Keywords: analysis; foreign experience; innovative technologies; inclusion; special education; inclusive education; children with special needs; correctional and developmental program.

The article is devoted to the study of modern stage of introduction of modern innovative technologies in higher education system in the segment of Christian religious education as one of the aspects of modern theory and practice of confessional pedagogy from the standpoint of educational theology based on the saint fathers' and world experience. A brief overview of the development and current state of the educational system is given by the example of the Department of Theology at the Don State Technical University. The combination of the theological model with secular components of professional education, which is carried out both by programs corresponding to the Federal state educational standards, and by confessional university educational programs, which passed the Church accreditation of the Educational Committee of the Russian Orthodox Church, is considered. The article provides a substantiated conclusion about the Christian model of reproduction of pedagogical staff, capable of qualified work both in confessional educational institutions and in secular educational sphere, created in Donskoy State University. The analysis of effective experience in the use of innovative methods and forms of teaching has been carried out.

It has been found that the world flagship of financing innovation activities are TNCs, which, due to the high level of concentration of investment potential, have the opportunity to finance capital-intensive innovation projects related to the modernization of the most high-tech industries and basic information and telecommunication technologies. It is proved that the selection of sources and methods of financing the innovation activity of TNCs depends on the stage of the life cycle of an innovative product, which makes it possible to timely eliminate the deficit of financing by diversifying the sources of financial and investment support for research, development and approbation of prototypes of equipment and technologies. Studies have shown that the financing of innovation activities in American, European and Japanese TNCs is marked by their distinctive features based on the structure of sources of funding for research and development, in particular the participation of the State in this process. It is determined that Ukraine needs an innovative model of transformation of the post-war economy in order to eliminate at an accelerated pace the terrible consequences of the armed invasion of russian aggressors, to modernize energy-intensive segments of the national economy, to ensure the mass introduction of modern innovative technologies in all phases of the reproductive process and to use the existing production and technical potential of regional economic complexes to straighten territorial imbalances of the socioeconomic development. It has been found that the main catalyst for innovative transformation of regional economic complexes in Ukraine is the inclusion of TNC divisions in them, primarily in terms of financing the processes of production and introduction of innovative technologies. It is substantiated that in the context of the expediency of implementing the best practices of financing research and development into the domestic practice of innovative transformation of the regional economy, it is worth adopting the South Korean experience, which allowed this country to turn from an industrially backward agrarian country into an advanced country in Southeast Asia in a few decades.

Abstract. The article analyzes the process of promoting digital technologies in pig breeding. Digital transformation is understood as the introduction of modern information technologies at all stages of production, including the fundamental restructuring of the enterprise management system. In the real sector, the introduction of innovative technologies is largely determined by external factors. Federal programs require the promotion of information technologies in all spheres of activity in order to increase labor productivity and achieve the competitiveness of Russian products in international markets. However, the introduction of these technologies is closely related to the organizational form of enterprises. Digital technologies are not always available and economically profitable for medium and small farms. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the introduction of digital technologies into the work of pig industry enterprises. Methods. In the course of the research, general scientific methodological approaches and methods of economic analysis were applied. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of priority directions for the introduction of innovative technologies in pig breeding. Results. Trends and problems of introduction of digital technologies in pig breeding are revealed. The advantage of pig breeding, in comparison with other branches of agriculture, is a high technological level. In 2015–2020, large Russian enterprises reached European production standards. Dependence on the import of breeding pigs is decreasing. In the context of the deglobalization of the economy, new threats to the promotion of innovation are emerging: on the part of suppliers – a decrease in the supply of ready-made technologies, on the part of manufacturers – a decrease in the profitability of the industry and investment in production. The necessity of state support for digitalization of pig breeding in medium and small farms is substantiated.

The article presents results of work of the administration of the Regional Ambulance Station in Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan, on the introduction of innovative technologies in the work of its service and results achieved from the introduction of these technologies.

These effects and intensification factors look different in different sectors of the Russian economy. Accordingly, we can distinguish those that have the lowest values of indicators of innovation development. For them, the measures to intensify the innovative activities of its economic agents are most relevant. The article presents the results of statistical analysis of parameters of development and introduction of innovative technologies. The article is based on the analysis of statistical parameters of development and introduction of innovative technologies. Form 1-Technology became the basis for this analysis. It presents data on so-called «advanced production technologies», managed «by computer», based on «microelectronics and /or the use of digital technologies». By a group of selected industries for the period 2020-2021. the authors conducted an analysis of the effects of the introduction of technologies and obstacles to their implementation. Keywords: innovation, innovative technologies, technology transfer.

Objective. To study and analyse various scientific methods and approaches to the introduction of the latest technologies into the production processes of industrial enterprises and to develop an effective model of innovative technologies. Methods. The following methods were used to achieve the goal and solve the above tasks: data analysis and synthesis - the article analyses various data, including sociological surveys, economic forecasts of the National Bank of Ukraine, and other important indicators; comparative analysis - comparing the current situation with previous years to assess economic recovery; comprehensive review and strategic analysis - describing the strategic directions of innovative transformations and industrial development, as well as considering the main models of innovation; forecasting. Results. The importance of introducing digital technologies in the management of industrial enterprises is substantiated, the contribution of enterprise resource planning systems and analytical tools to responding to market changes and optimising supply chains is emphasised. The necessity of an integrated approach to the introduction of innovative technologies in industrial management in Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of the enterprise, organisational culture and existing technological processes, as well as the need for continuous evaluation and optimisation of innovations, is determined. Scientific novelty. A model for the introduction of innovative technologies into the production management system of industrial enterprises has been developed, which allows for the comprehensive integration of modern innovative technologies with traditional management practices. This model helps to optimise production processes, increase the efficiency of enterprises and ensure their competitiveness in the global market. The article also proposes a comprehensive approach to studying the impact of innovation on the industrial sector in post-war Ukraine, taking into account internal and external factors affecting innovation processes, and focusing on the role of technological innovation for the country's economic recovery. Practical significance. The results of our study can be used to develop strategies and methods that can be applied in various areas of economic and industrial activity in Ukraine, especially in the context of recovery from the military conflict. The main areas of application include the industrial sector, economic policy and planning, and enterprise resource management. The article emphasises the importance of applying modern management approaches and digital technologies in the process of enterprise resource management, which can be useful for managers at all levels and can contribute to further research in the field of innovative development and management activities in industry, in particular in the context of digital transformation.

Problem Statement. Strategic spatial planning in Ukraine focuses mainly on economic aspects and takes less into account the environmental consequences of planned activities, which may be threatening to natural and cultural heritage. This is explained, in particular, by the insufficient number of trained specialists for planning sustainable spatial development. It is especially important to integrate scientific natural research into educational programs for training specialists in spatial planning, which include the study of geodiversity, the evolution of natural and cultural landscapes, methods of creating nature conservation areas, the formation of eco-networks, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies in land use and various branches of the national economy. Such research is the basis for developing community strategy and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), effective territorial management and successful spatial planning practices. The purpose of the article is to consider strategic spatial planning as a modern interdisciplinary field that integrating social, economic, and ecological aspects of sustainable spatial development. Research methodology proposes an interdisciplinary approach to strategic planning, which takes into account the geodiversity of the territory, the evolution of natural and cultural landscapes, as well as natural and anthropogenic risks. This approach makes it possible to predict optimal scenarios of spatial development, adapted to specific geographical conditions. Special attention is paid to the training of highly qualified specialists at the bachelor's and master's levels, emphasizing their important role in the development of strategic plans, which are the basis of comprehensive plans for the spatial development of territorial communities. The results. The article presents scientific approaches to strategic planning based on an interdisciplinary study of territories. This study highlights the international experience of strategic planning and similar successful practices in Ukraine territorial communities. Scientific novelty. The study provides a theoretical basis for the mandatory integration of natural science research into strategic spatial planning. This includes data on geodiversity, natural settings and resources, cultural and natural landscapes, nature reserves and ecological networks. The combination of this information with the data of the land and urban cadasters creates a comprehensive basis for determining the optimal scenarios of spatial development. Practical significance. The results of this study can be applied to improve the methodology of strategic spatial planning at the local level. Generalized international experience is a valuable guide for setting long-term spatial development goals and implementing specific measures to achieve them. Practical aspects of spatial planning, such as innovative land use systems, implementation of renewable energy sources, inclusive residential and public spaces, protection and preservation of natural and cultural heritage, are illustrated by specific examples discussed in the article. This study is useful for professionals in spatial planning and community management, as well as for researchers, teachers, and students who focus on integrating natural science research into the practice of spatial development.