МИГРАЦИОННЫЙ ОБМЕН КРАСНОЯРСКА И АЗИАТСКИХ РЕСПУБЛИК В 1970-е гг. В КОНТЕКСТЕ УРБАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ ДИНАМИКИ

Abstract

For the Krasnoyarsk Krai the period of the 1970s became a stage of rapid economic and social development, which was called the “Krasnoyarsk Decade”. Significant funds were invested in the region’s economy, there was a need for workers, who were concentrated mainly in Krasnoyarsk. The population of the city grew at a rapid pace due to mechanical growth, its social portrait was rapidly changing. Not only residents of Siberian villages came to Krasnoyarsk, but also migrants from many republics of the USSR, including those from Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The study showed that as a result of the migration exchange, Krasnoyarsk played a transit role in the general movement of migrants from the village to the city, from small settlements to large ones, and from East to West. In this process, Krasnoyarsk constantly lost the urban population, which was replaced by the villagers. Migration exchange, to a certain extent, contributed to the development of Krasnoyarsk, as part of the migrants, mostly young ones, took root. This rejuvenated the population and contributed to an increase in natural growth. At the same time, the migration outflow, including young people and families with children, led to the loss of a significant share of not only growth, but also the dynamic potential in general. Participation in the migration movement of immigrants from the Asian republics did not change the overall picture, since the percentage of representatives of the titular ethnic groups was not large, the main role was played by the movement of the Slavic population. The constant transit of multidirectional migration flows through Krasnoyarsk, including the exchange with the Asian republics, contributed to its inclusion in the general urbanization processes, which was very important for a peripheral city. For the Asian republics, the migration exchange was more beneficial, as they retained the autochthonous population, stimulating its economic activity, received immigrants from the cities, including qualified specialists, and gave back the rural population of other cultures. Thus, migration exchange with the cities of the RSFSR, including Krasnoyarsk, was one of the stimulating factors of urbanization. Within the region, the distribution of migrants had local characteristics, but the presence of a large Slavic diaspora, as well as risk reduction, played the main role. These factors were most pronounced in Kazakhstan.