Ідентифікація гібридних зернівок кукурудзи за забарвленням алейронового шару

Abstract

Contamination of the main crop batch with varieties and hybrids of other agricultural crops affects the final product quality. Particularly, it is necessary to control the genetic purity of hybrid corn seeds, since its creation is related to the influence of multiple factors, which can worsen the quality of seeds. Seed hybridity can be controlled through different marker systems - morphological, biochemical and molecular ones. Among these markers, morphological features with clear phenotypic expression, which meet all production requirements, are prioritized, because they are affordable, easy to identify and cheap. In corn, one can distinguish the trait of cariopsis aleurone layer pigmentation. The purpose of the work was to determine effects of different alleles of genes controlling corn cariopsis color in the first generation. Inbred corn lines, carriers of genes determining cariopsis aleurone layer pigmentation, were taken as starting material. All the lines were categorized in five groups. Corn accessions were crossed in all possible combinations between the groups. Each group of accessions carried recessive alleles of one of the main genes of aleurone pigmentation in homozygous state. The groups were formed on the basis of the following alleles: a1, a2, c1, c2 and r1 . Phenotypic expression of the genes of corn cariopsis aleurone layer pigmentation was assessed visually in the “full ripeness of cobs” phase. It was established that not all alleles of the genes of cariopsis pigmentation could be combined in one genotype. Comparison of reciprocal hybrids by phenotype showed the maternal effect in inheritance. Therefore, the genetic constitution of hybrid cariopses carrying recessive alleles of genes a1, a1-st and a2 was the most optimal in view of no dose effect of genes A1 and A2 on expression of the pigmentation trait. Recessive alleles of the genes of cariopsis aleurone layer pigmentation c1, r, r-r and r-g can be introduced only in parent lines due to the fact that expression of the “cariopsis pigmentation” trait is affected by the gene dose. Thus, the best genetic constitutions of hybrid cariopses derived from crossings of two lines with introduced alleles of the genes of cariopsis aleurone layer pigmentation were identified: A1a1 (a1-st) a1 (a1-st) A2A2a2 C1C1C1C2C2C2 R1R1R and A1A1a1 (a1-st) A2a2a2 C1C1C1C2C2C2 R1R1R1 .