Разработка комплексной модели компетенций в сфере безопасности труда

The article examines the system of legal and regulatory framework of occupatioal safety and industrial safety for the enterprises in the coal industry. Analysis of the international and Russian legislation showed the close relationship and interdependence of safety regulation in these areas of law. A significant contribution to the development of legal regulation of the occupational safety and industrial (production) safety was made by the conventions of the International Labor Organization. In 1995, the International Labor Organization adopted the Occupational Safety and Health in Mines Convention, which sets the norms relating to both occupational health and safety. In Russia, the key legislative acts regulating relations in the areas under consideration are the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law «On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities». The article provides an overview of the functions and powers of the federal executive authorities in the field of occupational safety and industrial safety, and also analyzes the types of regulations establishing requirements in these areas, and the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety at the coal industry facilities. Based on the conducted analysis, the following conclusion was made: organizational and technical requirements for occupational safety are in systemic unity with the industrial safety requirements established in federal standards and regulations. Other occupational safety requirements aimed at ensuring a system for preserving the life and health of the employees in the process of work should be established in the Occupational health and safety rules for the employees in the coal industry.

AN extended series of economic studies has failed to find any statistically significant impact on national injury rates due to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA.' Two distinct explanations for this apparent failure of OSHA have been put forward in these studies. The first is that, because of limited statutory and budgetary authority from Congress, OSHA is unable to compel industrial compliance with its own standards. Advocates of this position point to the pitifully small level of OSHA fines and to the small number of firms that will actually be inspected. For example, in 1975, the average fine per violation amounted to only $26, while the average number of inspections per firm was only .02,

Traditionally, health protection and health promotion activities have operated independently of each other in the workplace. Health protection has usually been viewed as encompassing the activities that protect workers from occupational injury and illness ranging from basic safety training to the us

The annual increase in the number of occupational accidents and diseases in the Palestinian manufacturing industries confirms a serious problem that threatens the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in such industries, with negative consequences in the society and economy. As the Palestinian OSH data are insufficient, tightwad, and with discrepancies in published data by different agencies, this study aimed to investigate the OSH status in the Palestinian manufacturing industries and determine the Palestinian OSH trends rates based on international practice in the EU and USA. Also, to shed light on the OSH situation in the manufacturing sector and warrant the inspection and monitoring of industries by the respective officials. The OSH data of 175 industrial establishments and 199 industrial employees was collected by meetings, interviews, and structured questionnaires for the period 2009–2016. The US and EU OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) formulas were used to calculate the OSH rates. The analysis showed that 32.30% of the industrial employees suffered from occupational injuries. The average injury rate was 7566 per 100,000 workers, indicating a low OSH level in the Palestinian manufacturing industries. The leather industry was found as the most dangerous in terms of OSH, with an average safety performance factor (SPF) of 145.6 off days/accident. Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) revealed a correlation between occupational accidents and injuries and the employees’ commitment and lost working days. An OSH framework was developed based on safety and sustainable development pillars to assure effective enforcement of the OSH law and prevent future occupational accidents and diseases.

The associations between occupational health and safety management system programming level and prior injury and illness rates in the U.S. dairy industry

Globally, the construction industry is regarded as a very dangerous industry due to the labour-intensive nature of the work resulting into a high rate of occupational accidents, injuries, diseases and fatalities. In Namibia, the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) status of workers in construction industries remains a challenge primarily due to the dearth of studies that investigate the health and safety of workers. The objectives of this study were to investigate the status of occupational health and safety in the construction industry in Windhoek, Namibia, with a view to recommend interventions that would improve occupational health and safety of workers in the targeted sector. A quantitative, descriptive study design was conducted among 549 participants from 13 construction sites that were operating at the time of conducting the study. Data were collected by means of an interviewer led questionnaire. SPSS version 23 was used to analyse data. The study identified a number of different approaches to be provided on construction industry for OHS improvement such as OHS programme implementation, training of workers on OHS aspects, provision of medical services to construction workers, adequate provision of welfare facilities, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provision. The study has proven that there is a need to improve the OHS in the construction industry to prevent occupational accidents, injuries, fatalities and diseases. The practical guidelines were developed which could be useful if implemented in construction sites to improve the OHS in the construction industry.

Interventions: Advancing the State of the Art

An earlier analysis of accidents, industrial injuries and occupational diseases in the coal industry, in which one of the authors participated, showed that there has been a dynamic decline in the industrial injury rate since 2014 (35.6% reduction by 2023). In their study, the authors raise the question whether there is a need to develop any additional measures to further reduce the injury rate. They consider it necessary to draw attention to the fact that 25% of the fatal accidents occurred due to unsatisfactory organization of the works, while 37.5% of them were due to violation of the labour discipline. The paper reviews the conventions related to labour safety in the coal industry, which are ratified in Russia and how these norms are reflected in the coal industry legislation of the Russian Federation. The research also includes studies of the international experience in occupational and industrial safety. The authors make a conclusion that the process of harmonizing the provisions of the International Labour Organization into the legislation of the Russian Federation related to the coal industry continues to improve and generally complies with the international standards. A positive progress in solving the issues related to ensuring safe working conditions for miners will largely depend on improving the risk-based management approaches and reliable assessment of the occupational risks at workplaces, as well as coordination of reliable information that takes place in the coal industry.

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of managers’ commitment to occupational safety and health (OSH) on employees’ safety awareness and competency, employees’ involvement, reporting culture and OSH performance; the effect of employees’ involvement in OSH on safety awareness and competency, reporting culture and OSH performance; and the mediating role of employees’ involvement in the effect of managers’ commitment to OSH on OSH performance. Methods. The study population consisted of 600 people working in a private company and the sample consisted of 533 employees agreeing to participate in the survey. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results. The analysis results showed that managers’ commitment to OSH had no significant effect on OSH performance but a significant positive effect on employees’ safety awareness and competency, employees’ involvement in OSH and reporting culture. Although managers’ commitment to OSH alone had no significant effect on OSH performance, it had a significant effect on OSH performance when employees’ involvement was used as a mediating variable. Conclusion. OSH should not be considered only as a technical matter. It is recommended that arrangements should be made to improve OSH considering the human factors involved in OSH.

The issues of ensuring the safety of labor process do not lose their relevance. The tendency of regular occurrence of the events with extremely negative, resonant consequences in the field of ensuring industrial safety is typical both for the whole world and for the Russian Federation in particular, for example, in the field of industrial safety. The work on improving the efficiency of existing risk management measures in the field of industrial safety, occupational safety and other related areas can proceed at various levels of management, from the level of the relevant federal executive authorities to the level of operating organizations. It also includes the activities on improving the occupational health and safety management systems developed in accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 45001:2018. The most important element of the management and improvement of the the occupational health and safety management system is a regular analysis of the functioning of the system, the results obtained, and the current state of affairs. The requirements are considered related to the process of analyzing the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system based on the international standard ISO 45001:2018. The recommendations are given on the formation of full-fledged input data for conducting an analysis of the management system functioning in terms of the timing and frequency of its implementation, the attention is focused on the need for careful compliance with the requirements for registering the results of the analysis and informing the staff about its results. An analogy is given in the requirements for conducting the analysis of functioning the management system formulated in the international standard ISO 45001:2018, and the Russian regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial and occupational safety. It is concluded that a full, scrupulous, comprehensive analysis of the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system is an opportunity to improve the state of affairs in the field of the production safety.

The relevance of the researched problem lies in the fact that today industrial injuries and accidents at workplace are a fairly common problem. Since lives and health of employees, as well as production process efficiency, depend on ensuring workplace safety, occupational safety management becomes an important and integral component of industrial health and safety. The management of enterprises should be guided by the principle of life and health of employees being the most important value. There are certain methods of occupational safety management, such as economic, organisational, administrative-legal and social-psychological, which enable to create safe conditions at workplace. With their help, safe working conditions can be significantly improved and therefore efficiency of production process can be increased. In this regard, this article is aimed at defining the concept of occupational safety as an essential element of industrial health and safety. It also taps into the main components that make up an integrated occupational safety system and methods of occupational safety management, which must be taken into account by the management of an enterprise, institution, organisation and the government, the latter also controlling implementation of legislative regulations at workplace, as the economic situation in the country depends to a large extent on the level of production processes functionality. In addition, analysis of existing international standards in the labour protection field has been carried out, their features and scope of application have been considered. On the basis of the revealed data, specific recommendations have been developed, namely, advancement of prosocial behavior, technical upgrade, conduct of briefings and trainings aimed at increasing occupational safety. The research was carried out on the basis of general scientific and special methods of cognition, such as analogy, factor analysis, comparison, structural analysis, expert assessments and opinions, analysis of the causes of industrial injuries and various industrial diseases. The authors investigated the evolution of management and administration in labor protection and industrial safety, their interconnection and interdependence. The result of this scientific work is an understanding of the importance of compliance with safety rules at workplaces, of negative consequences that may arise from non-compliance with legislative regulations and international standards developed by the international community regarding occupational safety. A variety of management methods that can be used during set up of production process, as well as development of recommendations that will help to improve the current situation in labour safety, ensuring protection of labour rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of employees, enacted in most countries by Constitution, have been discussed. Having analysed the fact that currently the state of guaranteeing safe working conditions for employees is in a critical situation, industrial injuries and accidents at enterprises have become widespread. We can come to a conclusion that it is necessary to legislate this situation, to strengthen the legal responsibility of management and employees for non-compliance with safety rules during production process

The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the application of occupational safety and health in the machinery industry in the Yogyakarta area, (2) describe the application of OSH in vocational schools in Yogyakarta and (3) evaluate how the application of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in the machinery industry if applied in the implementation of OSH in vocational schools. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Research subjects are PT. Mega Andalan Kalasan, PT. Yogya Presisi Tehnikatama Industri, CV. Karya Hidup Sentosa, SMK Negeri 2 Depok Sleman, SMK Negeri 2 Yogyakarta, and SMK Muhammadyah 3 Yogyakarta. Data collection used observation and interviews. The results of the study: (1) The machinery and manufacturing industry in the Yogyakarta area has carried out OSH aspects including occupational safety, occupational health, and OSH management in accordance with the OSH application rules for industry, (2) SMKs in the Yogyakarta area have not implemented all aspects of OSH implementation in accordance with industry standards. The application of occupational safety aspects is still lacking, the application of occupational health is still lacking, and management aspects have not been implemented, and (3) SMKs should implement OSH management in accordance with industry standards, especially OSH management, namely: (a) OSH education and training, (b) socialization of OSH in schools, and (c) provision of personal protective equipment, and (d) health services in schools.

ObjectivesIn 2003 British Columbia’s occupational health and safety (OHS) regulator implemented a voluntary audit-based OHS recognition program in select industrial sectors. Firms achieving OHS certification received a rebate on workers’...

Introduction. The coal industry, being one of the leading sectors of the Russian economy, occupies a leading position in terms of the share of workers employed in harmful and dangerous working conditions (79.1% in 2021). Unfavorable working conditions and overwork make a significant contribution to the formation of mortality rates in the workplace of employees engaged in coal mining, both due to industrial injuries, and from common diseases. The study aims to research the causes and mortality rates in the workplace at coal mining enterprises in Russia. Materials and methods. According to Rosugleprof, the authors have carried out an analysis of the mortality of workers engaged in coal mining in the workplace due to occupational injuries and general diseases for the period 2020-2022 . The researchers calculated the rates of fatal injuries per million tons of coal mining and per one thousand employees, as well as mortality from general diseases per one thousand employees, also conducted an analysis within the industry and compared with the country as a whole. An in-depth analysis of fatal injuries in 2022 was carried out. Results. In 2020, the level of fatal injuries in coal mining amounted to 0.13 per thousand workers, including 0.28 per thousand employees in mines, which is three and six times higher, respectively, compared with the country as a whole (0.045 per one thousand employees). In 2021, injury rates increased, amounting to 0.51, 1.72 and 0.06 per one thousand employees, respectively. The reason for the sharp increase in injury rates in 2021 was an accident with a methane explosion in a mine, which claimed the lives of 51 people. In-depth analysis of injuries in 2022 He showed that the main causes of fatal accidents in the conduct of coal mining operations are violation of safety rules and personal carelessness. Almost 95% of cases of acute diseases are closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Five to six cases of general illnesses requiring urgent medical care accounted for one death at the workplace, while seven to eight cases of occupational injuries accounted for one death. Conclusion. Despite ongoing measures to improve working conditions, the coal industry continues to have an extremely high rate of workplace mortality, both due to injuries and due to death from natural causes. The most unfavorable situation is observed in the mines. This is due to the presence of a complex of harmful and dangerous production factors and a high risk of accidents. Of particular importance is the nervous and stressful nature of work and overwork of workers, which leads to a significant number of potentially preventable injuries due to personal negligence and cases of acute cardiovascular diseases. This indicates the need to develop and implement measures to reduce mortality, including through the use of forecasting and risk assessment, as well as strengthening therapeutic and preventive measures, including the optimization of work and rest regimes of employees. Ethics. The study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

Since the 2000s, the activities of the state supervision over industrial safety at hazardous production facilities of mining and metallurgical production in Russia have been reoriented. Fiscal methods in control and supervision practices are substituted with preventive measures, which outlines the development of new approaches to the supervision organization. The modern methodology aiming to improve the state mining supervision has been historically based on the Russian system of scientific and technical methods and organizational and administrative measures aiming at sustainable and long-term improvement of industrial safety level at hazardous production facilities of the Russian metallurgical and mining industry in conditions of internal production growth and external sanctions. The long-term experience of ensuring industrial safety at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry provides the key methodological ways to improve the state mining supervision: i.e., verification of reliability of identification of hazardous production facilities; broad public awareness of causes and consequences of accidents and occupational injuries and the necessary preventive measures; identification and elimination of intrasystem shortcomings in the control and supervision activities; updating and improving industrial safety norms and rules. The efficiency of such methods is tested with practical activities and the successful reduction of accident and injury rates at the facilities under supervision. The introduced mandatory requirements as defined based on the results of control and supervision activities and the analysis of accidents and fatal injuries as well as the strict compliance with such requirements have gradually led to the reduction of the accident and injuries level. This can be considered the main achievement of the methodological activity of the organization of the state supervision over the industrial safety condition at the facilities under the supervision. This also indicates the quality of the developed methods of the state supervision and their applicability for the further control, preventive, licensing and permitting, and normative activities. In recent years, new planning and checking methods based on indicators of risk of mandatory industrial safety requirements violation have been developed and implemented.