ДВА ЭКСПРЕСС-МЕТОДА ОЦЕНКИ УРОВНЯ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНОСТИ ПРЕСНОВОДНЫХ ВОДОЕМОВ

Abstract

The experiment is based on the assess-ment of water quality, based on the state of the organism of fish and crustaceans. Fish were surveyed in 1970-2016 years. The work was carried out in various regions of the USSR and Russia on reservoirs of vari-ous types, on fish farms. Various species and age groups of fish were studied. They were caught with a trawl, nets, a lift and sports fishing gear, and fish larvae were caught with a plankton net. A patho-anatomic meth-od was used to assess the condition of fish. Branched crustaceans were examined in 1989-2016. Samples were collected by plankton grid in reservoirs of the Volga, in lakes of the Karelian isthmus, in mountain lakes of the Western Sayan (East. Siberia), in lakes Ilmen and Sevan (Republic of Ar-menia) and in lake Ladoga, in the Nyvchim reservoir (Vychegda river basin), in pools of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the Cu-ronian and Finnish bays of the Baltic sea. Samples were stabilized with 4% formalin and viewed under the MBS-9 binocular mi-croscope. Two methods for assessing the level of contamination of freshwater reservoirs were suggested. First: assessment of the level of pollution by the state of the fish organism. Toxicological studies of reservoirs and in experimental conditions have shown that fish were the most informative indicators of pollution of fishery reservoirs. The ecologi-cal approach to bioindication of the environ-ment using fish as the individual level is associated with changes in various indicators that characterize certain aspects of fish biol-ogy (weight and linear growth rate, fatness, fertility, reproduction process, embryonic and early post-embryonic development, pa-thologies, etc.). And the second method is to assess the level of contamination based on the state of the organism of pelagic branched crustaceans.