Двуядерные гласные в шорском языке и языках Сибири

Abstract

The Shor language and Siberian languages, in varying degrees, feature the echoes of the ancient state of the languages. Thus, in our opinion, the remnants of the ancient system implemented in binuclear vowels are traced in the vocal system. We define binuclear vowels as laryngeal-ligamentous sounds of a complex formation consisting of three components. In the initial and final phonation, qualitatively homogenous (homogeneous) (over)short vocal nuclei are found, with a glottal consonant (depending on the language: a deaf explosive bow, a deaf slit, a sonorous slit, a vocalized slit) being between them (in the medial). The accompanying additional feature is the obligatorily pharyngalization. All components form one syllable, ensuring their phonetic integrity, unity. Their phonological property is a fundamental non-separability into three phonemes, i.e., the absence of a morphemic seam, confirming their monophonemicity. Two types of interrupted vowels are recorded in the languages under consideration: primary and secondary, with the first related to the historical past, the second resulting from the loss of guttural consonants such as “g”, “ӊ”. In addition, in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language and in Baraba-Tatar, two subgroups were distinguished in the group of discontinuous vowels: 1) long interrupted vowels of complete formation; 2) long interrupted vowels of incomplete formation, with the latter having heterogeneous nuclei with the absence of a morphemic seam between the components.