Возрастные особенности ценностно-смысловой сферы населения Российской Федерации

The article describes the peculiarities of future social worker training in facilitation interaction with people of different ages and social status; it is shown how the technologies of ‘dyad interaction’ and future specialists in social work situational training are applied on the basis of facilitation; an analysis of their implementation in the practice of future social worker training in facilitation interaction with people of different ages and social status is given.
 The aim of the paper is to summarize the practical work of researchers from English-speaking countries on the effective use of postclassical didactics (‘dyad interaction’ and situational learning) in the practice of social worker training in facilitation interaction with people of different ages and social status.
 The essence of ‘case-method technology implementation in the practice of future social worker training in facilitation interaction with people of different ages and social status is contained; it is contained in a change of the purpose of training (awareness that there is a possibility of many solutions in social and social-pedagogical work of; democratic nature of the process of acquiring knowledge, equality with other participants, in particular with the lecturer, when the main thing is to develop in the process of co-creation of the future specialist in social work with the lecturer new knowledge, skills of facilitation interaction with people of different ages and social status; the method on the basis of which the system of values of future specialists in social work as facilitators develops, their facilitation positions, life attitudes, a kind of professional worldview, etc. are formed).
 A description of the functional forms and qualities of dyad interaction is presented. Considering the relative compactness and simplicity, they are used by lecturers in the process of future social worker training in facilitation interaction with people of different ages and social status. It has improved the quality of the lecturer’s dyad interaction with future social workers.

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is a cardiovascular pathology promising for consideration as a clinical model of premature aging of the body. According to the literature, sirtuins-1, 2, 3, 6; melatonin and its receptors (MT-1 and MT-2); markers of cellular aging (proteins p16, p21) and apoptosis (BAX) may have clinical significance for assessing premature aging of the body on the DCMP model. A comparative study of the expression of these molecules in people of different ages, depending on the presence of DCMP, has not been conducted before. The aim of the study: To identify and compare molecular profiles by the level of expression of the studied signaling molecules in the buccal epithelium and autopsy material of the myocardium in people of different ages with the absence of cardiovascular diseases and the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods: A study of buccal epithelium (174 people) and autopsy material of myocardium (175 people) in patients aged 45-89 years for the expression of signaling molecules: sirtuins 1, 2, 3, 6, proteins p16, p21 and BAX, was conducted. Methods of immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies were used. Groups of middle, elderly and senile age with DCMP and without a history of cardiovascular pathology were identified. Results: Characteristic changes in the molecular profile (the level of the studied signaling molecules) in the buccal epithelium associated with age and the presence of DCMP were revealed: in middle–aged patients – a decrease in the expression of sirtuins 3 and 6 by 2,2-2,3 times, melatonin by 1,8 times and its receptors by 1,4-2,5 times; in elderly patients – a decrease in the expression of sirtuins 1 and 3 by 2,5 times; sirtuin 2 by 2,3 times; melatonin and its receptors by 1,4-1,8 times; in elderly patients – a decrease in the expression of sirtuins 3 and 6 by 3,0-4,7 times; sirtuins 1 and 2 by 6,7-7,3 times; melatonin by 2,8 times; MT-1 – 4,1 times and MT-2 – 23,7 times. An increase in the expression of p16 and BAX proteins by 0,6-0,8 times in the buccal epithelium has additional diagnostic information in the diagnosis of DCMP in individuals of different age groups. There is a correlation between changes in the expression of these molecules in the buccal epithelium and the autopsy material of the myocardium. Conclusion: Molecular profiles in people of different age groups, determined by the level of expression of the studied signaling molecules, significantly differ depending on the presence of DCMP. It is characteristic that the direction of changes in the buccal epithelium is similar to the corresponding molecular profile in the autopsy material of the myocardium.

Age differences in the brain mechanisms of good taste

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the perception of advertising texts by speakers of Russian of different age groups. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of respondents' perception of advertising texts. The main objective of the study was to identify the emotional and evaluative component in the perception of the proposed advertisement texts by representatives of different age groups, which determined the choice of the research approach to the linguistic material. Three advertising texts from the social network Instagram were taken for the experiment. The study was conducted in the form of a survey on the online platform Google Forms. The survey was conducted in two stages. The first stage was a psycholinguistic experiment using the semantic differential method, and the second stage was a questionnaire survey followed by quantitative and qualitative interpretation of the results. The semantic differential method allowed to reveal the emotional and evaluative component, and the questionnaire method allowed to verify the obtained results. The aim of the article is to present the peculiarities of the perception of advertising texts by representatives of different age groups. The analysis of the experimental materials allowed us to conclude about the difference in the perception of one advertisement by people of different ages, as well as about the effectiveness of the semantic differential method for studying the perception of polycode advertisement texts. The experimental study confirmed the hypothesis that when creating advertising texts it is necessary to take into account the difference in the perception of advertising by people of different ages. Only in this way can an effective advertisement text be created, which will work for the main purpose the sale of a product or service. The hypothesis that the semantic differential method is effective for studying the perception of an advertisement text, including respondents of different age groups, was also confirmed. The results of the experimental study provide an opportunity to expand the understanding of the possibilities and effectiveness of using the semantic differential method in studying the respondents' perception of the advertising text, and can also be applied in the training of advertising professionals.

In this paper, we use a corpus of about 100,000 happy moments written by people of different genders, marital statuses, parenthood statuses, and ages to explore the following questions: Are there differences between men and women, married and unmarried individuals, parents and non-parents, and people of different age groups in terms of their causes of happiness and how they express happiness? Can gender, marital status, parenthood status and/or age be predicted from textual data expressing happiness? The first question is tackled in two steps: first, we transform the happy moments into a set of topics, lemmas, part of speech sequences, and dependency relations; then, we use each set as predictors in multi-variable binary and multinomial logistic regressions to rank these predictors in terms of their influence on each outcome variable (gender, marital status, parenthood status and age). For the prediction task, we use character, lexical, grammatical, semantic, and syntactic features in a machine learning document classification approach. The classification algorithms used include logistic regression, gradient boosting, and fastText. Our results show that textual data expressing moments of happiness can be quite beneficial in understanding the “causes of happiness” for different social groups, and that social characteristics like gender, marital status, parenthood status, and, to some extent age, can be successfully predicted form such textual data. This research aims to bring together elements from philosophy and psychology to be examined by computational corpus linguistics methods in a way that promotes the use of Natural Language Processing for the Humanities.

Many studies of micronutrient supplementation in developing countries have used single-nutrient supplements with either vitamins or minerals. However, people in these countries often suffer from multiple, rather than single, micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this paper is to discuss the factors that go into determining the adequate dosing of vitamins and/or minerals for people of different ages. To elaborate on the adequacy of micronutrient doses in supplements, a model described by the US FNB was used, which calculates the difference between the mean observed intake for an individual and the estimated average requirement for a life stage and gender group. This model allows estimating the degree of confidence that a certain nutrient intake (from supplements and diet) is adequate. The US/Canadian DRI values have been used as the basis for these calculations, from which it can be concluded that a daily supplement of one RDA of each micronutrient is adequate to cover the personal requirements of all individuals in each respective age and gender group of the population, provided that 20 to 40% of an RDA is supplied by the diet--likely a realistic value for developing countries. DRI values vary significantly between different age groups, reflecting changing needs over a life cycle. With the objective of a supplement to be adequate and safe, the design of a one-for-all supplement covering all age groups is not realistic. Such a supplement would either underscore or surpass the required intake of some of the age groups. Additionally the dosage of certain micronutrients might exceed the upper level of intake for lower age groups. Therefore, it is suggested that three different supplements following the one RDA concept for all micronutrients be developed for research use in developing countries for the following age groups; 1 to 3 years, 4 to 13 years, and females > 14 years (excluding during pregnancy).

Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis are one of the most important social and economic problems in many countries of the world due to the high morbidity and mortality rate of the working population. An immunological theory of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been actively developed of late, and markers of inflammation characterizing immuno- and atherogenesis have been sought. The buccal epithelium (BE) can be used as biological material for in vivo molecular-cellular studies, allowing CHD diagnosis via inflammation markers. The purpose of the work was a comparative study of the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and GDF-15 in BE in patients of different ages with CHD and without cardiovascular disease. The BE material in healthy donors and patients with second-stage CHD was divided into groups according to the age classification of the WHO: the first group included middle-aged people (45–59 years), and the second included elderly people (60–74 years). Control material was obtained from people of middle and old age without cardiovascular disease. According to the immunocytochemical study, the area of IL-1β expression in BE is three times higher in middle-aged CHD patients and 4.4 times higher in elderly people as compared to healthy individuals of the same age group. The area of IL-6 expression in middle-aged and elderly CHD patients was 7.9 and 7.4 times higher, respectively, than in the control group. In middle-aged and elderly CHD patients, the IL-10 expression was 1.6 and 2.8 times higher, respectively, as compared to healthy donors of the same age group. The MCP-1 expression in the BE of middle-aged and elderly people with and without ischemic heart disease did not differ. GDF-15 expression is 6.8 and 6.6 times higher in middle-aged and elderly CHD patients than in healthy people of the same age. The findings showed that the expression of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and GDF-15 increase in the BE of patients with CHD in middle-aged and elderly people as compared with persons of the same age group without cardiovascular disease. Thus, the BE can serve as an informative material for noninvasive molecular diagnosis of CHD in people of different ages.

Background Digital technology is reshaping healthcare, offering potential improvements in accessibility, efficiency and quality. However, to realize potential benefits, ensuring equal access for all is crucial. We investigated digital healthcare usage and studied differences in use across age groups and educational backgrounds in the Netherlands. Methods Surveys were conducted among general healthcare users (n = 837, any citizen living in the Netherlands with access to healthcare) and healthcare users with chronic conditions (n = 1437). We studied their digital skills (can you independently use a computer, tablet or smartphone; digital applications; email and apps?) and their use of digital selfcare (did you use websites for health-related information or treatment?). Findings are stratified for educational level (low/medium/high) and age (15 -39, 40-64, over 65 years). Data collection occurred between April and August 2023, focusing on the twelve months preceding the survey. Results The majority of respondents use digital devices independently (range: 78-91%), but these percentages vary between subgroups, from 48-65% for users with lower education vs 86-99% for users with higher education. Similar differences exist across age groups: 98-100% of users aged 15-39 use a computer, tablet or smartphone, in contrast with 59-78% in the over 65 years age group. Similarly, the use of websites for health information is 22-31% among lower educated users to 68-70% among higher educated users; and 36-48% among those ≥65 years to 73-75% among respondents aged 15-39. Conclusions Substantial variation exists in the use of digital tools and digital selfcare across ages and educational levels. These findings underscore the urgency of addressing inequalities in access to digital healthcare, serving as a call to action for policymakers, healthcare providers, and developers to collectively strive for an accessible (digital) healthcare system for all. Key messages • Differences in use of digital tools and digital selfcare among people of different ages and educational levels warrants the need for co-creation and tailored development and implementation. • Differences in use of digital tools and digital selfcare among people of different ages and educational levels warrants the need for co-creation and tailored development and implementation.

The monograph presents the results of more than 30 years of work on the development and experimental verification of various techniques and technologies on the integral harmonious effects on the body for promoting health, for the integrated development of the motor and intellectual abilities of man in various life stages. Technologies contain complexes of physical exercises, developed technical devices, methods of psychoregulation. All technologies presented in the monograph are original author’s developments. All of the technologies presented in the monograph received copyright certificates and patents. Technologies combine Western and Eastern approaches to building physical exercises. Most of the techniques developed for one age group can be applied to other age groups, at other life stages. As an initial technique, a set of exercises performed under the poems about nature, for women during pregnancy. It solves the problem of both strengthening the health of the pregnant woman and her preparation for childbirth, and indirectly influencing the developing organism of the unborn child. The monograph also contains complexes of exercises performed under verses with the help of an adult, for children from birth to 1 year; training in swimming for newborns and infants. Complexes of exercises performed for verses are also presented for children from 1 to 7 years old, methods for the integrated development of preschool children with the use of technical devices. For schoolchildren, the methods of controlling loads are considered when playing sports that impose high demands on the work of the cardiovascular system (basketball, football, etc.); methods of activating creative abilities in the employment of various types of motor activity. The monograph also shows the ways of individual approach to the choice of sport (motor activity), as well as the way of individual approach when practicing a certain kind of sport (motor activity). The technologies of diagnostics of psychophysiological possibilities (reaction rate, short-term memory) and properties of the nervous system are presented. Original methods of studying with students, such as basketball on the water and others are also presented. The monograph also contains elaborations for people of mature and advanced age; methods of application of various medicinal plants; methods of autogenic training. All the technologies presented in the monograph have been tested experimentally and have shown their effectiveness. The results of researches of influence of each technology on various aspects of vital activity of people of different age and social groups are presented. The monograph is of interest to specialists in the field of human sciences; theorists and practitioners in the field of health; teachers, trainers, as well as all those interested in the issues of health promotion and self-development. Two doctoral and 16 candidate dissertations were defended in this direction.

Proteomics uncovers thus far unknown age and sex differences in sciatic nerve and skin of naïve mice, highlighting the importance of adequate age matching and parallel investigation of male and female mice in biomedical studies.

The article reveals the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of international tourism by different age groups. To assess the development of international tourist flows by different age groups, it is proposed to use the coefficient of tourist activity of the age group. The dynamics of formation and development of international tourist flows by different age groups within Chernivtsi oblast is analyzed. Introduction. Tourism and recreation are currently one of the key sectors of the world economy. Their development depends on many factors, one of the key of which is the age structure. It is known that people of different ages have different tendencies to travel. One of the most mobile groups is the youth and older age groups. Presenting main material. One of the most important factors that significantly affect the development of international tourism is the age structure. The age structure of tourists has a significant impact on: 1) determining the types of tourist services provided to international tourists; 2) the potential cost of consumption of tourist services (the price of the tourist product). Currently, in the statistical study of the age structure of tourists in Ukraine, it is customary to distinguish 4 age groups: children (age range from birth to 14 years), adolescents (15-17 years), youth (18-28 years) and tourists over 29 years. This classification is based on a number of factors: physiological, psycho-emotional, socio-economic. However, a significant variance in the number of years during which the tourist belongs to a particular age group significantly affects the formation of the number of tourists. In order to determine the influence of age group on the development of tourism and taking into account the above aspects of such assessment, it is proposed to calculate the coefficient of age activity of tourists (σі). It is calculated as the ratio between the number of tourists per year of the age interval of the i-th age group (kі) to the average values of the number of tourists per 1 year of the age interval (kс). It is assumed that the population makes tourist trips throughout life, so it corresponds to the average life expectancy in the region. In tourism of Chernivtsi oblast, the highest indicators of age activity of tourists and their number per one year of the age interval are typical for adolescents (15-17 years) and older age groups (over 29 years). The average tourist activity of adolescents is 1.24 and for adults 1.23. This means that adolescents and older tourists are 24% more likely to travel than other age groups. Each of these groups is characterized by high rates of tourists for one year of the age interval – on average for adolescents, this figure is 1178.9 tourists, for the older age group – 1153.7 tourists. The leading positions of adolescents (despite the lowest absolute values) are explained primarily by the shortest duration of the age interval of this age group – 3 years, as well as a number of socio-economic factors. In particular, with reaching adolescence, the process of creating comfortable living conditions in families is mostly completed, parents succeed and income increases while reducing current expenses, so more money is allocated for adolescents for tourism and recreation. The latter factor is also crucial to explain the dominance of older tourists in the number of tourists.

Objective To establish the reference ranges of serum total IgE in different ages of healthy people in Yantai and Weihai areas. Methods The total serum IgE levels were measured with chemiluminescence method in 1 412 cases of healthy people in different age groups. Results The total IgE levels in six age groups (≤6 years old, 7-12 years old, 13-18 years old, 19-44 years old, 45-60 years old, >60 years old) were 70.6, 84.7, 73.4, 118.7, 86.0, 88.71 kU/L, respectively. There was no significant difference among the different age groups (P>0.05). Serum total IgE content of 50 patients with allergic disease was 446.5 kU/L, which was higher than that in the health group. Conclusions Established serum total IgE reference values of healthy people in different age in Yantai and Weihai areas, which providing a reference standard for the diagnosis and treatment of local allergic disease. Key words: Total IgE level; Healthy people; Yantai and Weihai areas

ObjectivesThe type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) used by different age groups may be associated with ENDS and cigarette use behaviours. This study sought to identify differences in the...

The vermiform appendix is a narrow, muscular diverticulum of the cecum, exhibiting considerable variability in position, shape and size. It originates from the cecal fundus near the ileocecal valve at the convergence of the three taeniae coli, a key surgical landmark for identifying its base. This study aimed to determine the distance between the base of the vermiform appendix and the ileocecal junction in a Bangladeshi population across different age and sex groups. Specimens, including the vermiform appendix along with adjacent segments of the distal ileum, cecum and proximal ascending colon, were collected from medico-legal autopsies of individuals aged 5-75 years. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, from October 2016 to March 2017. The samples were categorized into four age groups: Group A (Up to 20 years), Group B (21-40 years), Group C (41-60 years) and Group D (>60 years), with further subdivision by sex. The external distance was measured from the lower border of the terminal ileum at its junction with the cecum to the midpoint of the appendiceal base. The internal distance was recorded between the nearest edges of the ileocecal and appendicular orifices after opening the cecum. Measurements were taken using a point divider, which was then placed on a measuring scale graduated in centimeters. The maximum external distances recorded were 2.60 cm, 2.60 cm, 2.80 cm and 3.00 cm in Groups A-D, respectively, while the minimum values were 1.80 cm, 2.00 cm, 2.00 cm and 2.10 cm. Internal distances showed a similar increasing trend with age, with maximum values of 2.80 cm, 3.00 cm, 3.00 cm and 3.12 cm and minimum values of 2.00 cm, 2.00 cm, 2.00 cm and 2.20 cm across the groups. Although mean distances were higher in males, the differences between sexes were not statistically significant (p≥0.05). These findings provide population-specific anatomical data that may assist in preoperative planning and intraoperative orientation, potentially reducing operative time, minimizing iatrogenic injury and improving surgical outcomes in appendiceal and right iliac fossa procedures.

The article discusses the effectiveness and safety of homologous and heterologous revaccination for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in people of different age groups.Aim. The study the severity and duration of immune response in people of different age groups after SARS-CoV-2 revaccination.Material and methods. The study was carried out as part of the prospective registry Saturn, which included persons who received various SARS-CoV-2 revaccination regimens (homoand heterologous) based on the combination of two vaccines: Gam-COVID-Vac and Covivac. Group I (n=106) included persons who received a homologous revaccination with Gam-COVID-Vac, while group II (n=54) — heterologous revaccination with Gam-COVID-Vac and Covivac, group III (n=40) — homologous Covivac revaccination. In addition, all participants in the study were divided into two age categories: ≥60 years (n=33) and <60 years, (n=167). In all participants, the medical history was collected. At each visit, we assessed the quantitative level of specific IgG SARS-CoV-2 S-protein antibodies and plasma coagulation using the thrombodynamics method. At visits 1, 3 and 5, blood was collected to assess T-cell immunity activity (T-Spot.COVID test, Oxford Immunotec) to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Results. Revaccination in persons ≥60 years of age ensures the intensity of humoral (quantitative level of specific IgG SARS-CoV-2 S-protein antibodies) and cellular immunity (quantitative assessment of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific (panel A) and nucleocapsid-specific T-lymphocytes) comparable to that in younger individuals (<60 years). Revaccination did not increase the plasma thrombogenic potential in vaccinated people, regardless of age.Conclusion. In the group of vaccinated people ≥60 years old, an adequate humoral and cellular immune response was developed, which persisted for a year after revaccination, and even more intense cellular immunity was demonstrated compared to vaccinated people <60 years old. The plasma thrombogenic potential did not increase during vaccination and revaccination, regardless of age.