Опыт строительства системы обеспечения национальной безопасности в США

Abstract

The conceptual framework of national security in the United States of America has undergone significant transformation from the identification of national security with the military component of state policy to the modern systemic approach of “security through development”. This paper delineates the peculiarities of USA national security policy, including the principles of exclusivity, messianism, the interpretation by American elites of national security as the ability to counter external threats, the formulation of policies from a position of strength using coercive means, and a solid scientific basis. It is emphasized that the institutional contours of the modern USA national security system were laid down at the turn of the 1940–1950s with the establishment of the National Security Council. The analysis of the experience in constructing the USA national security system is multifaceted and reflects its fundamental characteristics, which have both theoretical and practical significance, enabling the systematic strengthening of national security. Based on the US experience, the author formulates proposals for improving the Russian national security system. The scientific novelty is expressed in the proposal and justification of the establishment of a special position of coordinator for strategic communications within the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.