Abstract
Objective: Improving the diagnosis, treatment and metaphylaxis of nephrolithiasis in children. Methods: Under observation was 201 patients with nephrolithiasis aged from one to 14 years. The following risk factors were identified: urological diseases in the immediate family, which was accompanied by metabolic disorders (68.5%); abnormalities of the urinary tract (37%); the age of mothers over 40 (43.3%); related marriages (16.7%). Results: Conducted conservative treatment was effective only in 14 patients with small kidney stones, in other cases, an open surgical removal of stones: pyelolithotomy (98), sparing nephrolithotomy (68), calicolithotomy (11). Nephroureterectomy with calculous pyonephrosis performed on four patients (1.9%). With obstructive purulent calculous pyelonephritis, a radical technique of primary nephrolithotomy with nephrostomy was used. For the purpose of metaphylaxis, after discharge from the hospital, systematic observations of children conducted in a polyclinic. Conclusion: The main metaphylaxis measures for urolithiasis at the outpatient stage should be aim to the sanation of the urinary tract, normalization of urine pH, correction of metabolic disturbances, and treatment of concomitant somatic diseases. Keywords: Urolithiasis, prophylaxis, operative treatment, metaphylaxis, ambulatory care.
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