Модель оптимального за агрофізичними параметрами посівного шару ґрунту

Abstract

Goal. To develop a model of the soil seed layer with optimal parameters of the structure density in the subseed layer and the structural components in the supraseed layer of the soil for crops depending on the size of their seeds. Methods. Field (small-plot), mathematical-statistical, computational. Results. As a result of the conducted research the optimal parameters of the structural composition and density of a sowing layer of soil taking into account the requirements of crops and the size of their seeds are defined. For plants with small seed size (millet) the predominant size of structural aggregates in the supraseed layer of soil should range from 0.5 to 7 mm, for plants with medium (spring wheat) and large (corn) seed size — from 1 to 10 mm; the structure density of the subseed layer of the soil should vary from 1.1 to 1.3 g/cm3. In the course of the research, the expediency of differentiation of the sowing layer of the soil into layers and the creation of optimal agrophysical parameters in each of them (immediately before sowing of crops) was proved. Improvement of germination, growth and development of crops on model plots with optimal parameters of the soil layer was established. Creating, before sowing, the optimal parameters of the soil layer contributed to increasing the length and diameter of the roots of corn plants by 29% and 22%, spring wheat — by 17% and 19%, and millet — by 12% and 8% compared to control areas where used standard technology. Studies showed an increase in crop yields with optimal agrophysical parameters compared to standard tillage technology: for plants with small seed sizes, the yield increase was 50%, for plants with medium and large seed sizes — 25% and 35%, respectively. Conclusions. According to research, the model of the optimal agrophysical parameters of the seed layer of the soil allows the creation of the best conditions for seed germination and emergence of seedlings of crops, which in turn is a strong argument in favor of the harvest.