Современные теории традиции: единство дискурса и множественность значений

Abstract

The article considers the problem of unity and variety of the contemporary theories of tradition that appear in different fields of scholarship. It is argued that the unity of these theories is mainly a discursive one. This theoretical dis­course, which starts with the famous essays of T.S. Eliot, M. Oakeshott, and K. Popper, ascribes to the tradition rationality, flexibility, the active participa­tion of the individual in the functioning of tradition and non-authoritative cha­racter. The concept of ‘invented tradition’, which describes tradition as rigid and unchangeable, presupposes its deliberative and rational character. The theo­ries are more or less unanimously challenge the opposition between tradition and rationality. At the same time the term ‘tradition’ possesses various mea­nings and functions not only in different theories, but also within a single theory. The unity of the problems and ‘puzzles’ that the concept of tradition should solve is weak and is getting weaker. The article puts forward a hypothe­sis that the discourse about tradition reflects the situation, in which the episte­mological paradigm of Cartesian subject is felt to be insecure. The metho­dological reflection grows, but still cannot change the model, because it mere ascribes to the tradition the qualities of its opposite, and mere leads to the blur­ring of the concept of tradition.