الفقه الکلی مفهومه - مصادره – إعماله دراسة فقهیة مقاصدیة

This research examined logic and the role of Muslim scholars in establishing analogy through it, using it as a jurisprudential approach to its applications in Islamic jurisprudence. It also examined how Muslim scholars used Aristotelian logic in the buildup of the foundation of Islamic logical reasoning and the principles of jurisprudence. It took into account the concept of analogy: its application to Islamic jurisprudential reality, in all emerging jurisprudential issues or various unstated textual matters in the lives of Muslims. The research also focused on the foundations from which analogy is derived in its broad sense, explaining its characteristics that distinguish it from other sources of legislation, on the one hand, and from logic, on the other. It also highlighted the role of Muslim scholars, such as Imām al-Ghazālī and others, in establishing analogy from logic, as well as establishing a theory for deriving rulings on new developments in Muslim reality that are not explicitly stated, to be valid for all times and places. The research followed an inductive approach, collecting, evaluating, and comparing information, then analyzing and interpreting it to arrive at its intended conclusion. The study of the issue of the relationship between logic and analogy relies on the inductive approach. The collected evidence and the opinions upon which it is based are then analyzed using the analytical approach. Using the comparative approach, it draws a comparison between the issues of logic and its relationship to analogy, before explaining the role of Muslim scholars in establishing analogy through it, and the way it is employed and applied in Islamic law.

The present study aims to identify the characteristics and historical development of Wilāyat al-Maẓālim (the jurisdiction of grievances) in Islamic history and jurisprudence, as well as its most important institutions and governing principles. It further seeks to compare this institution with the Saudi Board of Grievances (Dīwān al-Maẓālim) as an administrative judiciary under Saudi laws. To achieve these objectives, the researcher adopted the inductive analytical approach by examining and analyzing the implementation of Saudi regulations related to the enforcement of administrative judgments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as issued by the courts of the Board of Grievances, and comparing them with the practices established in Islamic jurisprudence. The study concludes that the judiciary of grievances emerged as a strong institution during the Islamic state, where it was exercised directly by the Caliph himself or by his governors holding general authority, due to the gravity and significance of its functions. This judiciary was entrusted with examining abuses committed by governors against subjects, disputes concerning workers’ wages, and other forms of grievances. The researcher also concludes that the Saudi Board of Grievances derives its foundations and rules from Islamic jurisprudence, particularly with regard to its subordination to the Ruler (Walī al-Amr) and its adherence to the principles of Islamic Sharia. At the same time, it adopts modern judicial mechanisms, such as the duality of the judiciary, the principle of litigation at two levels, and the separation between adjudicatory jurisdiction and enforcement jurisdiction. In light of these findings, the researcher recommends expanding the jurisdiction of enforcement within the Saudi grievance system in order to safeguard judicial rulings and ensure their effective implementation.

نظمت الشريعة الإسلامية المتکاملة العلاقة بين الأفراد والأسر فيما بينهم، ومن الأمور التي نظمتها الشريعة الإسلامية، ما يتعلق بالهبة من أحکام شرعية، والتي تعد من عقود التبرع، فقد شرعت للتأليف والتقريب بين الناس، وبعث روح المحبة والمودة بينهم، فهي تمليک الإنسان لغيره ماله بلا عوض. إلا أن الشريعة التي وضعت هذا التشريع؛ هي نفسها شرعت الرجوع في الهبة لسبب من الأسباب، کإجراء مغاير لها، وکفلت هذا الحق، فجاز للواهب أن يرجع في هبته، برضا الموهوب له أو رغما عنه، ويعتبر الرجوع في الهبة قضاء أو رضاء إبطالا لأثر العقد، وهذه الشريعة التي شرعت الرجوع، هي نفسها کذلک شرعت موانع لهذا الرجوع، حيث لا يجوز للإنسان أن يتراجع عن هبته، إلا في حالات ستأتي معنا خلال البحث. ثمة أسباب دعتني إلى اختيار هذا الموضوع للدراسة، وهي:أن موضوع الهبة له علاقة وثيقة بحياة الفرد المسلم وأسرته، وهما لبنة المجتمع وأساسه، ولذلک کان سببا وجيها لاختياره والتطرق إليه. مع رغبتي في تأصيل المسائل المتعلقة بموانع الرجوع في الهبة تأصيلا علميا، وإشباع الکلام فيها ببسط کافة جوانبها. وخلصت الدراسة إلى نتائج من أهمها: ترجيح جواز رجوع الواهب في هبته قبل قبضها من الموهوب؛ ولکن يکره الرجوع في الهبة قبل القبض مراعاة للخلاف، ولأنه يتنافى مع صنيع أهل المروءات والشيم.مع ترجيح ما ذهب إليه جمهور الفقهاء من لزوم الهبة وعدم الرجوع فيها بعد القبض. Barriers to Donation Return In Islamic Jurisprudence And Kuwaiti Civil Law Jarrah Nayef al-Fadhli Department of Jurisprudence, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait. E-mail: jarrah.alfadhli@ku.edu.kw Abstract: : The Islamic Sharia has regulated the relationship between individuals and families among them, and among the matters that Islamic Shariah has governed are the provisions related to the donation according to Sharia, which are perceived as donation contracts, as it is permitted to bring people closer together, and to spread the spirit of love and affection between them, since it a human to own others money without compensation. However, the Sharia legalized the return of the donated item for any reason, as a procedure different to her, and Sharia guaranteed this right, so it is permissible for the donor to return his donation, after the consent of the gifted person or without his will. Though, Sharia has also established restrictions to this return, as it is not permissible for a person to withdraw his donation, except in cases that will be discussed in this research. There are reasons that encouraged me to choose this topic for this study, more specifically: the subject of the donation has a closer relationship with the life of the Muslim individual and his family, and they are the foundation of society, and therefore it was a good reason for choosing and discussing this issue. With my desire to consolidate the issues related to the impediments to returning the gift according to a scholarly basis, and to satisfy many of its all its aspects. The study concludes with some of the most important conclusions: the possibility of the donor to return his donation before receiving that donated item by the gifted person. But it is disliked returning this donation before receiving, because it is inconsistent with the actions of the people of best hostility and donation, in agreement with the view of the majority of Sharia jurists of the necessity of the machining the donation and not returning it after recipient Keywords: Barriers,Return,Donation, Jurisprudence, Gift.

أحکام النماء في الأوراق النقدية دراسة فقهية تخريجا على مذهب السادة الحنابلة عبد الرحمن حمود المطيري قسم الفقه المقارن, کلية الشريعة , جامعة الکويت, الکويت, الکويت. البريد الالکتروني: abdulrahman.almutairi@ku.edu.kw الملخص: المال المنفصل أحکامه متفرقة في فصول شتى من أبواب الفقه, وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تخريج أحکام النماء من الأوراق النقدية على مذهب السادة الحنابلة من حيث بيان تبعة الأوراق النقدية للعين عدمها, والملک وعدمه, والرد وعدمه, والضمان وعدمه, وضبط أحکامها بأصول وتقاسيم تضبط صورها وما يستجد من أحکامها. وقد جاء البحث في مقدمة وتمهيد وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة. المبحث الأول: نماء الأوراق النقدية, والمبحث الثاني: نماء الأوراق النقدية في الفسوخ, والمبحث الثالث: نماء الأوراق النقدية من غير عقد ولا فسخ وضمانها, أما الخاتمة فقد اشتملت على أهم النتائج ومنها: أن النماء المنفصل هو الزيادة الطارئة على العين مما تنفک عنها, ورغم أن أحکام النماء متفرقة في أبواب شتى من أبواب الفقه مع کثرة الجزئيات فقد أمکن ضبط أحکامه بأربع عشرة قاعدة فقهية عظيمة النفع عالية المنزلة. وتوصي الدراسة: بالعناية بفقه النوازل تأصيلا وتوقعا فيما يتعلق بالقضايا النقدية, مع إضافة المقررات والمناهج الدراسية التي تعتمد على الممازجة بين القواعد الفقهية والفقه المعاصر. The Regulations of Banknotes Increase An Islamic Jurisprudence Authentication Study (Takhrij) Based on the Hanbali Islamic School of Jurisprudence Abdul Rahman Hammoud al-Mutairi Department of Comparative Jurisprudence, Faculty of Sharia, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait. E-mail: abdulrahman.almutairi@ku.edu.kw Abstract: The regulations of isolated valuable capital are allocated in various chapters of Islamic Jurispruaenace, this study seeks to authenticate (Takhrij) the regulations of the increase of banknote according to the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence, that to illustrate and answer the questions of whether the banknote is attachment to the real asset or not, does the ownership exist, the issue of exchange of the banknote by the tangible value, the guarantee of its value, and to expressly define its rules with clear classifications of its forms and presumed future development of its rules. The study comprises an introduction and preliminary note along with three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter discuss the banknotes increase, the second chapter banknotes increase in case of annulment, the third chapter the increase of banknotes with no contract nor annulment and its financial security. The conclusion addressed the study the main results which include; the separable increase is the contemporary increase on the real asset; despite the split of the banknotes escalation regulation over Islamic jurisprudence the study succeeds in firmly highlighting its regulations on fourteen Islamic jurisprudence valuable rule. The study recommends giving the high priority to Fiqh Al Nawazel (Contemporary Issues Islamic Jurisprudence) of financial cases and to present educational curriculum that combines the Islamic jurisprudence and Contemporary Islamic Jurisprudence Keywords: Financial increase - Banknotes – Money (Takhrij) - Hanbali school.

This research focuses on Kuwaiti Women's assumption of the judiciary, which came after a series of events; Especially after women gained the right to vote and the right to be a member in the Parliament in 2005.The decision of appointing women in the judicial department has raised questions about the extent to which such procedure is consistent with the rulings of Islamic jurisprudence, since the Kuwaiti constitution states that Islam is the religion of the state, and Islamic law is a main source of legislation.So, this study aims to show the legality of appointing women in the judicial departments and considering the conditions of masculinity which are stated by the Islamic jurisprudence Scholars.The outcome of the study maintains that the contemporary judicial institutions has been acquired the nature of the administrative work.So, this study states some recommendations which include the necessity of hierarchy in the appointment of women in the judicial departments.Also, the study recommends the governance of the judicial authority to guarantee the fairness of its procedures and to keep its identity.

This study aims to examine the relationship between the concept of economic jurisprudence and Islamic banking practices in Indonesia. Economic jurisprudence, as part of Islamic teachings, emphasizes the principles of justice, benefit, and honesty in economic activities, which serve as the normative basis for Islamic financial management. With the rapid development of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia, it is important to examine the extent to which the principles of economic jurisprudence have been consistently implemented in the operations of Islamic financial institutions. This study used a literature study method (library research) by analyzing various sources, such as books on Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah), scientific journals, fatwas from the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and regulations from the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The results of the study indicate that Islamic banking in Indonesia has implemented the principles of economic jurisprudence through contracts such as mudharabah, musyarakah, murabahah, and ijarah. However, challenges remain in the form of low public literacy and the need to align the theoretical concepts of economic jurisprudence with modern financial practices. Therefore, strengthening the understanding and application of the values ​​of Islamic economic jurisprudence is necessary to ensure the sustainability and integrity of the Islamic banking system in Indonesia.

Purpsoe: This research identified the meaning of "the principles of jurisprudence" as a description and name for a specific science. It also discussed the cause of the jurisprudence dispute. Methods: To gather scientific material, I employed an inductive approach that involved examining books on Islamic jurisprudence, extracting relevant information, and arranging it appropriately. In the first section of this paper. In the second section, I mentioned the importance of studying the principles of jurisprudence, starting with resolving the conflict in the issue, followed by mentioning the opinions of scholars. The third section discussed the reasons for the dispute, which were limited to the methodologies of scholars and terminologies, resulting in a verbal disagreement. Finally, the conclusion was presented. Results: The research findings highlight the significance of studying the principles of Islamic jurisprudence in comprehending the reasons for disagreements and their effects on various branches of Islamic jurisprudence. The role of terminologies and methodologies is emphasized as a crucial factor contributing to scholarly disagreements. Conclusion: Verbal disagreements are shown to have a substantial influence on the the reasons for disagreements.

ملخص البحث التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة الإرهاب فی النظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی والاتفاقیات الدولیة سلطان بن محمد بن عبدالله آل موسى الشهرانی باحث قانونی بوزارة العدل بالمملکة العربیة السعودیة souzy6748@gmail.com لخص فی التعرف على مفهوم التعاون الدولی فی اللغة والنظام والنظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی وتعریف جرائم الإرهاب فی اللغة والنظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی وما هو دور التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة الإرهاب فی النظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی من خلال الاتفاقیات الدولیة الجماعیة والثنائیة . أهداف البحث : 1-التعرف على مفهوم التعاون الدولی . 2-تحدید مفهوم مصطلح الجرائم الإرهابیة . 3- ما هو دور التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة الإرهاب فی النظام السعودی والفقه الإسلامی . 4- ما هو دور الاتفاقیات الدولیة فی مکافحة الإرهاب. المنهج المتبع فی البحث : المنهج التحلیلی الاستقرائی . النتائج 1- یعرف التعاون الدولی بأنه طریقة من طرق العلاقات الدولیة تهدف إلى تنفیذ سیاسة محددة خلال فترة زمنیة معینة فی مجال أو عدة مجالات 2- مجالات التعاون الدولی تتمثل فی ثلاثة عناصر: 1-التعاون الدولی فی مکافحة جرائم الإرهاب . 2-التعاون الدولی الآمنى لتسلیم المجرمین . 3-التعاون القضائی . التوصیات : 1-تعزیز فکرة التعاون الدولی فی الجرائم الإرهابیة حتى یستطیع المجتمع الدولی القضاء على هذه الآفة الخطیرة . 2-عقد مؤتمرات وندوات ولقاءات بین جمیع الدول المعنیة بمکافحة الإرهاب حتى تستطیع الآلیات لمکافحة هذه الظاهرة . 3-مد ید العون والمساعدة من الدول الغنیة إلى دول المواجهة للقضاء على الفکر المتطرف. الکلمات المفتاحیة : 1-الفقه 2- التعاون الدولی 3- جرائم الإرهاب 4- الشریعة الإسلامیة 5- الاتفاقیات الدولیة 6- مجالات التعاون الدولی Research Summary International cooperation in combating terrorism in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence And international conventions Sultan bin Mohammed bin Abdullah Al Musa Al Shahrani Legal Researcher, Ministry of Justice, Saudi Arabia souzy6748@gmail.com The research summarizes the definition of the concept of international cooperation in the language and the system and the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence and the definition of crimes of terrorism in the language and the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence and what is the role of international cooperation in the fight against terrorism in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence through international collective agreements and bilateral. Research goals : 1. Identify the concept of international cooperation. 2. Defining the concept of the term terrorist crimes. 3- What is the role of international cooperation in combating terrorism in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence? 4 - What is the role of international conventions in the fight against terrorism. Research Methodology: Inductive analytical approach Results 1. International cooperation is defined as a method of international relations aimed at the implementation of a specific policy within a certain period of time in one or several areas. 2. The areas of international cooperation are three elements: International cooperation in combating terrorism crimes. 2. International security cooperation for extradition. 3. Judicial cooperation. Recommendations: 1. Promote the idea of ​​international cooperation in terrorist crimes so that the international community can eliminate this dangerous scourge. 2 - Holding conferences, seminars and meetings between all countries concerned with combating terrorism so that mechanisms can combat this phenomenon. 3 - extending a helping hand and help from rich countries to the frontline countries to eliminate extremist thought. key words : 1- Jurisprudence 2- International Cooperation 3- Terrorist Crimes 4- Islamic Sharia 5- International Agreements 6- Fields of International Cooperation

emphasises scientific research, primarily focusing on religious education at the university level. Today, according to the QS World University Rankings, it counts among the top 100 colleges worldwide for theological and religious studies. The college's interest in scientific research is apparent at the individual and institutional levels. At the individual level, faculty members at the college conduct individual research, which they publish in local and international peer-reviewed journals, amounting to around 100 peer-reviewed articles annually. They also supervise scientific projects, some of which have won funding competitions to support them. About twenty three projects of faculty members have received funding over the past five years. Similarly, graduate students at the master's or doctoral level conduct research, most of which falls under research projects for various departments in the College of Sharia and Islamic Studies or within the research priorities of Qatar University. The college's research unit oversees and guides research support, including the recently issued book "The Research Personality," (Qatar, 2023). The research unit also holds regular discussion sessions to develop scientific research and exchange ideas in this field. Among the college's institutional research achievements, it hosted the Isesco Chair for Dialogue among Civilizations, which resulted in the publication of "The Book of Wonder" in collaboration with Qatar University Press (2022). The journal of the College of Sharia and Islamic Studies at Qatar University is an essential pillar of scientific research in the college. It is the oldest research platform in the college, with a publication history of more than forty years. With the publication of its second issue of volume forty-one, the journal remains dedicated to its journey, constantly striving for growth and improvement. The editorial board has been keen on enhancing the journal's publication policies, aiming to deepen Islamic research and encourage specialised researchers to explore relevant research areas related to current topics of public concern or those relevant to Islamic studies, locally and internationally. Many scientific journals are dedicated to Islamic studies, but what sets them apart is the quality of the topics they publish on and the depth of their analyses. Our journal is committed to maintaining and ensuring these standards. Furthermore, it introduces new methodological approaches that offer a fresh perspective on previously studied subjects, revealing hitherto unexplored aspects. Considering the college and the journal's commitment to promoting and advancing Islamic studies, the journal announced this year (2023) a call for specialised research papers in Islamic or comparative studies. Specialists with relevant experience are invited to participate by submitting their research proposals for publication in the journal's regular or special issues. The journal has stipulated that the paper's topic should align with the journal's interests, specifically within the field of Islamic studies in general. It welcomes studies that address contemporary issues, offer critical insights, or provide methodological approaches to the paper's subject area. Additionally, the journal welcomes proposals related to interdisciplinary studies. The journal will review the submitted proposals and announce the winning proposal, publishing it in its next issue and referencing it on its website. Specialists will be invited to contribute to the file's topic, and their articles will jointly appear in a special issue of the journal. A scholarly seminar dedicated to the subject will conclude the cycle. This second issue of Volume 41 features six papers in Arabic and one in English by researchers from several countries. These papers address various fields of Islamic studies. For example, in his "Ibn Qutayba's Approach to Solving the Semantic Ambiguities of the Holy Qurʾān: A Morphological Approach", Nour Al-Din Al-Kharrazi (Morocco) aims to identify Ibn Qutayba's methodology in understanding the semantic ambiguities of the Holy Qurʾān, focusing on the morphological structure of its vocabulary. He concludes that Ibn Qutaybah's interpretive method can be a general model for understanding the Qurʾān. Based as they were on the conventions of Arabic as the living language in which the Qurʾān was revealed and addressed itself to mankind, Ibn Qutayba's interpretations gained wide acceptance among his fellow commentators.

This research aims to study the validity of the possession of electronic money by default based on the regulations issued by the Central Bank of Indonesia, as well as verifying the compatibility of the Indonesian law related to electronic money with the concept of “qabḍ” (possession) in Islamic jurisprudence. The premise of this is that some people do not see that it is permissible for the issuer to take the fees from the customer in return for the electronic money recharge service. This research relied on the inductive approach in collecting data from available sources, and the analytical approach in studying the represented data and the elements related to the subject. The researchers reached several results, the most prominent of which are: the Islamic jurisprudential adaptation chosen for electronic money is that it is a form of bank money. The jurisprudential adaptation of the ongoing contractual relationship in electronic money differs according to the types of electronic money. In unregistered electronic money, the jurisprudential adaptation of the contractual relationship between the customer and the issuer is the exchange contract. In registered electronic money, the Islamic jurisprudential adaptation of the contractual relationship between the customer and the issuer is the loan contract. One of the types of services that the issuer must provide to the customer when dealing with electronic money is the recharge service. It is possible to conclude that the Islamic jurisprudential adaptation in the relationship between the customer and the issuer when using this service is the lease contract. The “qabḍ” took place in this relationship because the customer is able to use this service, and in return for the “qabḍ” of this service, the customer is obliged to pay the fee to the issuer. Accordingly, the decision issued by the Central Bank of Indonesia regarding the legality of taking fees by the issuer in return for the recharge service for the customer does not contradict the concept of “qabḍ” in Islamic jurisprudence because the “qabḍ” has been achieved, and this requires payment of the fee or compensation in exchange of the received service.

آمار روزافزون و بی‌حد وحصر تعیین مهریه‌های سنگین که از استطاعت زوج برای پرداخت خارج است و نتیجتا به اجرا گذاشتن مهریه و دست آخر، طلاق، عده‌ای را به سمت تعیین سقفی مشخص برای مهریه کشاند. بر آن شدیم تا با بررسی نظریات فقهای امامیه از متقدمان تا معاصران، در پی یافتن نظریه‌ای اصلح برای حل این گره زندگی زناشویی برآییم. گرچه آرای اکثر فقها حاکی از این امر است که مهریه به تراضی واقع می‌شود اما در بین فقها وجود دارند کسانی که این تراضی را مورد هجمه قرار داده‌اند و کلامشان در بردارندۀ نوعی خط مشی در میزان سقف مهریه است. به نظر نگارنده بهتر است در تعیین میزان مهریه، جانب شرع یعنی مهر شرعی را بر جانب عرف یعنی مهر عرفی، مقدم داشته و در تعیین مهریه، از میزان مهرالسنه تجاوز نکنیم تا ضمن رعایت تقید شرعی، به آفت کنونی عصر حاضر یعنی تعیین مهریه‌های نجومی که غالبا قدرت بر تسلیم آن وجود ندارد دامن نزنیم.

الألعاب الإلکترونية وأحکامها في الفقه الإسلامي عيد أحمد الهادي عثمان قسم الفقه، کلية الشريعة والقانون، جامعة الأزهر، القاهرة، جمهورية مصر العربية. البريد الإلکتروني: aidosman@azhar.edu.eg ملخص البحث: هذا البحث الموجز والموسوم بـ (الألعاب الإلکترونية وأحکامها في الفقه الإسلامي) مهدت إليه بنظرة الإسلام للعب والترفيه، ثم تناولت الألعاب الإلکترونية من حيث التعريف بها، وبيان حکمها، مع ذکر نماذج منها، وکذا الألعاب الإلکترونية المشتملة على الميسر، وبيان حکمها، کما تناولت المسابقات في الألعاب الإلکترونية، وبينت حکم الاتجار فيها، وأخيرا أثر القواعد الفقهية في ضبط الألعاب الإلکترونية، وختمت البحث بأهم النتائج والتوصيات. وقد خلص البحث إلى ما يأتي: أن الإسلام لا يحرم اللعب والترفيه عن النفس طالما کان في حدود الآداب والأصول الشرعية، مع عدم الإسراف فيه، وأن الأصل في الألعاب الإلکترونية الإباحة، ويتغير حکمها بما يترتب عليها من آثار، وما يصحبها من منافع أو مضار، فإن اقترن بها مخالفات شرعية أو ضرر بالنفس أو العقل أو المال، أو الغير، أو الانشغال عن واجب فهي عندئذ محرمة، وإن خلت من المخالفات الشرعية والأضرار بالشخص وبالغير وکانت ذا فائدة کتنمية المهارات، وتربية القدرة على الابتکار وغير ذلک، فعندئذ تکون مندوبة، ويمکن ضبط الألعاب الإلکترونية من خلال قواعد الفقه کقاعدة: لا ثواب إلا بنية، والضرر يزال، ودرء المفاسد مقدم على جلب المصالح، وغير ذلک من القواعد، وفي النهاية أوصي باستغلال الألعاب الالکترونية من قبل الأسر والمؤسسات التعليمية وذلک باختيار ألعاب مسلية وتعليمية في نفس الوقت يمکن الاستفادة منها في تقوية المهارات، وذلک في حدود ثوابتنا الدينية. Electronic Games Rules from Islamic Jurisprudence Perspectives Aid Ahmed Elhady Osman Department of Jurisprudence, Faculty of Shariah and Law, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Email: aidosman@azhar.edu.eg Abstract: I introduced this concise research, titles “Electronic games rules from Islamic jurisprudence perspectives” by the Islamic judgment on playing games and personal entertainment, then we defined electronic games, their legality, the forms it takes, as well as gambling using the electronic games and its legality; then the research approached electronic games competition and legality of profiting from it, finally the impacts of jurisprudence on regulating electronic games and concluded the research by the recommendations and results. The research concluded that Islam does not prohibit personal entertainment as far as it was bond by good manners and Shariah rules and not to be overspent and that the permissibility is the principle ruling of electronic games in Islam, yet, its ruling evolves with its positive or negative impacts. If electronic games caused a preach of Shariah or mental, physical, or monetary damages for the individual or any other human, or wasting the time assigned to personal duty then its ruling shall be prohibited. On the other hand, if there was no Shariah violation or personal or other individual harm and its practice increase creativity and support innovation and so on it should be recommended and we can put a rule to judge electronic games by the Islamic principle that says “no reward unless there is a good intention”, “harm shall be removed”, “blocking the harm is before driving the benefits” and alike of Islamic jurisprudence principles. On the conclusion, I recommend families and educational institutions to use electronic games which is pleased and educational to post skills that be all governed by our firm religious beliefs. Keywords: Electronic games – Judgments - Islamic jurisprudence - Competitions.

This study deals with the criminal evidence system in Islamic jurisprudence. The importance of the study stems from its review of the Islamic precedence in deciding the rules of criminal evidence. Its importance also lies in the fact that it shows a set of methods of evidence that are dealt with by the positive law at a later time after they were decided by the noble Sharia. The objective of this study is to identify the criminal evidence system in Islamic jurisprudence and to show the methods of evidence approved by Islamic sharia in this context. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopts the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher reaches several results, the most important of which is that Islamic sharia has preceded in addressing the system of criminal evidence. The researcher also concludes that Islamic sharia approved a set of methods for criminal evidence, including what is agreed upon among jurists, and what was approved by some of them and disapproved by the others. The study ends with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of implementing all methods that lead to the prevalence of the truth according to specific regulations so that there is no exaggeration in their estimation. The researcher also recommends the implementation of the methods of evidence approved by Islamic Sharia in all judicial facilities in Islamic countries so that they are interpreted in accordance with the rules and regulations of Islamic sharia.

تعرض هذه الدراسة لقضية التهرب الضريبي فتعرض لمفهوم التهرب الضريبي وأنواعه المختلفة وتوضح الفرق بينه وبين التجنب الضريبي ونظرة علماء المالية إلى کل منهما، ثم تعرض للأحکام الفقهية للتهرب الضريبي فتبين حکم التجنب الضريبي وحکم التهرب الضريبي وتعرض لأحکام بعض التطبيقات الحديثة في هذا الصدد کالتهرب من الضريبة التي يحتاج إليها المرء بسبب حاجة أو دين والتهرب من الضريبة في الدولة الغنية التي تنفقها في الکماليات والتهرب من الضريبة في بلد غير مسلم ينفقها في بعض المحرمات، ثم تعرض للوسائل التي وضعها الفقه المالي الإسلامي لعلاج هذه المشکلة وهي الالتزام بضوابط فرض الضرائب في الفقه الإسلامي، وإيقاظ الوعي بأهمية الضرائب وفرض العقوبات الجنائية على التهرب الضريبي، ثم تتعرض عند دراسة هذه الوسائل لحکم المصالحة على مال أقل من دين الضريبة فتبين ذلک الحکم في ضوء القواعد العامة للشريعة الإسلامية ونصوصها الخالدة. الکلمات المفتاحية: التهرب الضريبي - أحکام الفقه الإسلامي Islamic Jurist Rulings on Tax Evasion By: Sultan Fahd Al-Kannah sultan555@hotmail.com Abstract This study tackles the issue of tax evasion. It explores the concept of tax evasion, its kinds, and the difference between evasion and avoidance, with financial scholars’ commentaries on both. The study then demonstrates the jurist ruling on tax evasion and tax avoidance, with modern application on relevant cases, such as evading tax due to one’s need for money or being in debt, evading taxes in prosperous countries that spend tax money on luxuries, and evading taxes in a non-Muslim country that spends them on some prohibited things. The paper also highlights the means for handling those issues according to the Islamic financial jurisprudence, namely compliance with taxation controls in Islamic jurisprudence, raising awareness regarding the importance of taxes, and enforcing criminal penalties on tax evasion. The study mentions the rulings regarding reconciliation on less money than the tax debt in the light of the general laws of the Islamic Sharia and its eternal legal texts. Key words: tax evasion – Islamic jurist rulings.

Islamic Jurisprudence is a knowledge on the practical Islamic law based on its detailed approve concerning with the deeds of human. This article discusses on the position of Jurisprudence in relation with two different functions, indeed as a positive law and moral standard. In order to derive the Islamic law from its primary sources, al-Qur’an and the Sunnah, Islamic Jurisprudence needs theoretical tool and methodology which commonly named as the Principle of Islamic Jurisprudence. So the Islamic Jurisprudence is considered as Islamic epistemology which stands as the basis of the development of Islamic Jurisprudence as a knowledge. As the basis of epistemology, the principle of Islamic Jurisprudence is closely related to theology. Furthermore, this knowledge develops a principle on adillah which its foundation has been constructed by Syafi’i, indeed al-Qur’an, the Sunnah, Ijma’ and Qiyas . Since constructed by Syafi’i, this Principle of Islamic Jurisprudence has some changes and innovations. This innovation has been in the long duration of time with complicated problems and helped the ummah to solve the problems.