Уголовные санкции для юридических лиц на постюгославском пространстве

Abstract

The article is dedicated to review of criminal sanctions against legal entities in states, which originated in the former Yugoslav territory. The author focuses on the fact that national criminal codes and special criminal laws on liability of legal entities of these states stipulate criminal sanctions against legal entities. It is noted that criminal sanctions include criminal punishments, probation and protection (security) means. Apart from sanctions, some former Yugoslav states stipulate so-called 'legal consequences of conviction of a legal entity'. The main punishment types are a fine and liquidation of a legal entity. The author gives specific sanctions against legal entities including such protection (security) means as: sentence publication, prohibition on carrying out specific types of activities or works, seizure (forfeiture) of objects. The publication reviews two groups of legal consequences of conviction of legal entities: referring to termination or loss of specific rights and constituting a prohibition on receipt of specific rights. Attention is paid to the fact that some former Yugoslav states stipulate property forfeiture as punishment, while others establish forfeiture of objects used for or aimed at commissioning of crimes as a protection (security) means. Besides, some former Yugoslav states refer forfeiture of illegally gained benefit to legal consequences of conviction of a legal entity. The carried out analysis proves that the states located in the former Yugoslav territory differ in the demarcation and content of some punishment, protection (security) means and legal consequences of conviction of a legal entity, but in general, the indicated states established quite common sanctions against legal entities for commissioning of criminal offenses.