Правовая жизнь союзов сельских общин Горного Дагестана в XVIII – началеXIXвв. (на примере Акуша-Дарго) Часть 1

Abstract

In this article, for the first time, on the basis of Arabic texts of legal content, thelegal lifeoftheAkush society and unions of rural communities that constituted Akush-Dargo in the 18th - early19thcenturiesisstudied. The authors note that Akusha-Dargo was one of those mountain unions that for centuries retainedindependence from the neighboring princes-rulers of the Eastern Caucasus. It is emphasized that intheAkushi zoneand adjacent territories, the areographic written practice can be traced fromthe turn of the 13th- 14thcenturies,which was a condition for the establishment of the tradition of written fixation of lawin a commonlyunderstoodlanguage. Early awareness of the importance of the written consolidation of existing and newlyadoptednormsoflocal law (darg. zega) is a distinctive feature of the Akusha-Dargo communities, reflectingthelevel of development of law and statehood. The authors come to the conclusion that Akusha-Dargo was a successivelyevolving socio-political system, rooted in the pre-Mongol era, in the state of Shandan. The centuries-oldprocessofformation of Akusha-Dargo with "republican" rule took place in interaction and mutual influence withthesurrounding feudal monarchies. At the same time, the federation of the Dargin unions of rural communities Akusha-Dargoactually retained sovereignty and acted as an equivalent political unit in the structure of the statehoodofthepeoples of Dagestan.