Тренды физического развития детей раннего возраста, рожденных в 2018–2019 гг. в Ярославле, определенные на основании международных стандартов ВОЗ

Abstract

The purpose — to assess the physical development dynamics in full-term children during the first three years of life using the international standards of physical development (WHO Growth Standards, 2006). Material and methods. A single-stage clinical study of 133 children (62 boys and 71 girls, 3 y. o. in 2021-2022) was conducted, as well as a retrospective assessment of the anamnestic data of their development from birth according to outpatient records. Physical development during clinical examination and analysis of outpatient records was assessed based on WHO standards. Results. In the first year of life, 16-20% of children had disorders of physical development, with a predominance of malnutrition in the first half of the year, and excess nutrition in the second half of the first year; during 2–3 years of life, the predominant form of nutritional disorders was overweight, which was detected in 15% of children. In the first 3 years of life, children had a high prevalence of the «Risk of overweigh» category (19–40%). For the first time, the diagnosis of obesity among children (4%) in the study population was established at the age of 15–18 months. Conclusions. Monitoring the dynamics of the nutritional status of children at an early age remains an urgent problem of pediatrics. Efforts of pediatricians should be directed to the development of individual nutrition programs for the pregnant woman and the baby in early childhood with personalized prescriptions.