Устойчивость экономического роста в регионах России в предкризисный период

Actuality. Over the past decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of oncological diseases in children, most of which are detected at common stages. Moreover, only 5.2% of patients are actively detected (during routine preventive examinations).Material and methods. In order to detect oncological diseases in children in the early stages, an “Algorithm for determining the feasibility of referring a patient for consultation with a pediatric oncologist” (hereinafter referred to as the Algorithm) has been developed, which is a questionnaire of 20 questions. Answering with unambiguous answers (yes / no), a local pediatrician may decide on further tactics of examination and treatment of the patient. In order to analyze the results of the implementation of the Algorithm, a “Questionnaire for a local pediatrician to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the Algorithm for determining the feasibility of referring a patient for a consultation with a pediatric oncologist” has been developed, which consisted of 10 questions.Results. 427 district pediatricians took part in the medical and social study, taking into account stratification by federal districts of the Russian Federation: from the Central Federal District – 101 (23.6%) respondents, from the North-West Federal District – 40 (9.2%), from the Southern Federal District – 47 (10.9%), from the North Caucasus Federal District – 32 (7.7%), from the Volga Federal District – 92 (21.4%), from the Ural Federal District – 32 (7.7%), from the Siberian Federal District – 55 (12.9%) ), from the Far Eastern Federal District – 28 (6.6%). After the implementation of the Algorithm in clinical practice, the number of patients referred for consultation with a pediatric oncologist increased, which was noted by 61.9±2.4% of respondents. In this case, the Algorithm is used by 11.3±1.5% of the respondents, sometimes used by 12.6±1.6%, used if they are suspected of having an oncological disease by 21.9±2.0%. Among those who do not apply the Algorithm in clinical practice, 78.1±2.0% indicated that they had not received it before.Conclusion. A survey showed the feasibility of introducing into clinical practice the “Algorithm for determining the feasibility of referring a patient for consultation with a pediatric oncologist”.

The article analyzes the results of the construction, reconstruction and modernization of dairy farms and complexes in the Russian Federation based on data from National reports on the progress and results of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets. Significant differentiation between federal districts and high variability over the years in the number of established livestock farms and milk production volumes on constructed, reconstructed and modernized farms and complexes have been revealed. The number of slaughterhouses and the volume of milk production per facility indicate a predominantly average scale of production on new farms and complexes. The share of milk produced at new, reconstructed and modernized facilities in the gross milk production in agricultural organizations and farms is not significant. However, in terms of gross volumes, their share is significant and varies several times in the federal districts: in the North Caucasus Federal District - 12%, Southern Federal District -18.0%, in the Northwestern Federal District - 30%, Central Federal District – 37%, Far Eastern Federal District – 47%, Volga Federal District – 51%, Siberian Federal District – 57%, Ural Federal District – 77%, in the Russian Federation as a whole – 41%. Calculations show that milk production at existing livestock facilities has decreased in recent years, for example, in 2021: in general, in the Russian Federation - by 67.6 thousand tons, the Siberian Federal District – 43.5 thousand tons, the Ural Federal District – 51.5 thousand tons, the Volga Federal District – 100.6 thousand tons, the Southern Federal District – 4.1 thousand tons. While maintaining the pace of creation, reconstruction and modernization of farms and complexes that developed in 2013-2023, the cycle of technological modernization of dairy farming will range from 30 to 50 years. This will be a serious obstacle to the development of dairy farming according to the scenario of industries with decreasing costs. Increasing the pace of development of dairy farming requires adjusting the directions and forms of government support for the industry to accelerate the technological modernization of the main milk producers - agricultural organizations and farms with medium–scale production.

Objective: to analyze the intensity and dynamics of Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) incidence in Federal Districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF) in 2002–2018 and give a forecast of epidemic process development for 2019. The maximum number of cases of ITBB in 2002–2018 was registered in the Central Federal District (CFD); further on in a decreasing order, the Volga (VFD), Siberian (SiFD), North-West (NWFD), Ural (UFD), Far Eastern (FEFD), Southern (SoFD), and North Caucasian (NCFD) Federal Districts. The territories are distributed according to the incidence of ITBB, as follows (descending): NWFD, UFD, SiFD, VFD, CFD, FEFD, SoFD, NCFD. When assessing the dynamics of ITBB incidence, a reliable tendency towards decrease in the intensity of the epidemic process was found for the North-West Federal District and the Volga Federal District, in contrast to the Central Federal District, the Southern Federal District and the North-West Federal District, where there is a significant upward trend. For the UFD, the Siberian Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District, and the Russian Federation on the whole the variation in the incidence rates within the confidence intervals of the long-term annual average values is the most likely to be observed in the near future. The constituent entities of the Russian Federation were ranked according to the levels of ITBB morbidity; the trends in epidemic process development, depending upon the degree of epidemic hazard of the territory, were determined. In half of the 26 entities of the Russian Federation, with the average annual incidence rate above 6.5 о /оооо, a reliable trend in epidemic process intensity reduction was revealed. The exception is the Kemerovo Region and the Republic of Tuva, where further increase in ITBB incidence is probable. In the group of 15 entities of the Russian Federation with the average annual incidence of ITBB ranging from 2.9 о /оооо to 6.5 о /оооо, both the tendency towards growth and decrease or absence of a reliable trend in the intensity of the epidemic process is observed with approximately equal frequency. In the group of entities with the average annual incidence rates of ITBB less than 2.9 о /оооо, the increment of the indicator values in the future is highly probable.

Представлен анализ динамики заселения картофеля колорадским жуком по федеральным округам Российской Федерации и их субъектам. Результаты работы позволяют оценить распространение фитофага на картофеле. В последние годы в России наблюдается тенденция стабилизации и снижения численности колорадского жука на картофеле. Данные мониторинга ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» за три года (2021–2023) во время вегетации для установления численности фитофага показывают, что в Северо-Кавказском федеральном округе отмечаются наивысшие значения коэффициента заселения (5,33–5,95) с максимумом 25,0 в Республике Кабардино-Балкария в 2022 году. На территории ЦФО и СФО варьирование коэффициента по годам среднее, в СЗФО, ЮФО, ПФО и УФО–незначительные и близки к минимальному. На территории ДФО, по данным ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр», в 2021–2023 годах во время вегетации на посадках картофеля колорадский жук не отмечен. Также в результате анализа данных были выявлены территории округов, где коэффициент заселения был наибольшим. Так, в ЦФО это преимущественно южная часть округа, в СЗФО–западная, в СКФО–центральная, в СФО–в южной и западной частях. В трех федеральных округах, ЮФО, ПФО и УФО, в течение периода исследований высокие значения коэффициента не концентрировались на какой-либо части их территории. В целом по субъектам РФ есть регионы, где коэффициент заселения колорадским жуком картофеля находился в большом диапазоне значений, в других–варьировал в меньшей степени в течении изучаемых трех лет. В 2024 году численность вредителя и заселенная им площадь будут зависеть от метеоусловий, количества перезимовавших особей, своевременности обнаружения и применения мер борьбы. Дальнейшее изучение колорадского жука и сбор данных о его распространении позволит более точно прогнозировать заселенную площадь, численность и применять меры борьбы с вредителем. The article discusses the result of data analysis on dynamics of population ratio of a potato beetle on potato during vegetation in Federal Districts of Russian Federation and its regions. The work carried out allows us to assess the distribution of the Colorado potato beetle on potatoes. In the last few years in the Russia evaluate the tendency to stabilization and decrease number potato beetle on potato Monitoring data of the Federal State Institution «Rosselkhozentr» for three years (2021–2023) during vegetation for founding a number of phytophages demonstrate that show that the North Caucasus Federal District has the highest values of the population ratio (5.33–5.95) with a maximum of 25.0 in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria in 2022. On the territory of the Central Federal District and Siberian Federal District, the variation of the coefficient over the years is average, in the Northwestern Federal District, Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District and Ural Federal District – insignificant and close to minimal. In the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District, according to the Federal State Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr», in 2021–2023 during the growing season, the Colorado potato beetle was not observed on potato plantings. Also, as a result of data analysis, areas of districts were identified where the population ratio was the most significant. So, in the Central Federal District this is predominantly the southern part of the district, in the Northwestern Federal District–the western, in the North Caucasian Federal District–the central, in the Siberian Federal District – in the southern and western parts. In three federal districts: Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District and Ural Federal District, over the years, high coefficient values were not concentrated in any part of their territory. In general, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation there are regions where the coefficient infestation by the Colorado potato beetle was in a wide range of values, in others it varied to a lesser extent during the three years studied. In 2024, the pest number and the area inhabited by them will depend on weather conditions, the number of overwintered individuals, timely detection and application of control measures. Further study of the Colorado potato beetle and collection of data on its distribution will make it possible to more accurately predict the occupied area, population, and apply pest control measures.

BACKGROUND: Environmental factors have a direct impact on the course and spread of allergic disorders. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of patients with allergic pathology, which is partly due to global environmental changes on the planet and insufficient consideration of the specific climatic and geographic environmental factors of the region where the patient lives. AIM: To study the characteristics of epidemiology, etiology and clinical course of allergic disorders in different regions of the Russian Federation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To achieve this goal, a questionnaire survey of the Chief Consultants was conducted in 2019. Questionnaires were sent to all district, regional, republican centers, and cities of federal significance. The received data were analyzed and structured. RESULTS: Responses to the questionnaires were received from 49 regions of the Russian Federation, where a total of 1,468,105 patients with allergic diseases were registered during the study period. Significant discrepancies in the distribution of allergic disorders and the spectrum of etiologically significant allergens were revealed in different regions of the Russian Federation, reflecting their climatic and geographical peculiarities. There is an increase in respiratory forms of allergy, multisensitization and multi-organ allergic lesions. The Ural Federal District has the lowest number of cases of allergic rhinitis (p = 0.001) among the studied regions, and bronchial asthma is more common than other forms of respiratory allergy (p 0.001), while in the Southern Federal District the prevalence of this disease was statistically significantly lower than in the northern regions (p 0.001). Atopic dermatitis was more frequently registered in the Volga and Far Eastern Federal Districts (p = 0.009, p = 0.012), food allergy – in the Volga and Northwestern Federal Districts (p = 0.008, p = 0.003). In the North Caucasian and Siberian Federal Districts, food allergy was diagnosed least frequently (p = 0.001, p = 0.002). The Northwestern Federal District registered the smallest number of patients with sensitization to house dust allergens (p 0.001), and the Southern Federal District – to house dust mites (p = 0.004). The lowest number of patients with sensitization to weed pollen allergens was noted in the Northwestern Federal District (p 0.001). The Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts dominate in terms of sensitization to weed pollen allergens (p 0.001, p = 0.001) and show a low percentage of sensitization to tree allergens (p 0.001) compared to other federal districts. Low sensitization of patients to mold allergens is noted in the Ural Federal District (p 0.001). The highest proportion of insect allergy is noted in the Siberian (p = 0.001), and the lowest – in the Central Federal District (p 0.001). The North Caucasian Federal District showed the lowest percentage of sensitization to food allergens (p = 0.04). Low availability of specialized care and insufficient prescription of pathogenetic allergen-specific immunotherapy were found in all federal districts of the Russian Federation. CONCLUSION: Different climatic and geographic regions of the Russian Federation differ from each other in the structure of allergic diseases and sensitization spectrum, which should be taken into account in the development of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures in these territories.

Epidemiological situation on tick-borne viral encephalitis in the Russian Federation in 2018 was analyzed. Dynamics of the incidence, medical aid appealability among persons who suffered from tick suction, virus carriage of the vector; vaccination volumes, seroprophylaxis; acaricide treatment are reported in the paper. Utilized were the data on operative monitoring performed by the Rospotrebnadzor Institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and form data from the Federal statistical survey «Data on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases» over the period of 2009–2017, and also information from the operative monitoring, 2018. The increase in medical aid appealability among the population due to tick suctions was observed in all endemic Federal Districts (FD) of the European part of the Russian Federation during the epidemic season, 2018. The total of 1508 cases in 46 constituent entities of the country was registered: Siberian FD – 44.3 % of the cases, Privolzhsky FD – 22 %, Ural FD – 14.7 %, Northwest FD – 12.6 %,Central FD – 3.7 % , and Far Eastern FD – 1.7 %. Twenty two cases had lethal outcomes. Nation average infection rate of ticks taken off from humans was 1.38 %, from environment objects – 0.61 %. General level of tick infectivity was 1.5 times lower in 2018 as compared to 2017. The forecast of the incidence for 2019, taking into account the presence or absence of the trend fluctuations in the constituent entities in 2009–2018 and the values of the 95 % confidential interval of the possible parameter variations, is presented. The further gradual improvement of the epidemiological conditions for tick-borne viral encephalitis is expected. According to estimates, in 2019, morbidity rates will be 0.19 0/0000 in CentralFD, with value fluctuations ranging between 0.128 to 0.247 cases, in Northwest FD – 1.12 0/0000 (0.112 to 2.122 0/0000), Privolzhsky FD – 0.67 0/0000 (0↔1.649), Ural FD – 1.2 0/0000 (0↔4.590), Siberian FD – 3.4 0/0000 (1.319↔5.471), and Far Eastern – 0.65 0/0000 (0.522↔0.770).

The article analyzes the concepts of “sustainable development” and “inclusive growth” in relation to territorial systems, substantiates the need for their application not only at the national, but also at the regional and macro-regional levels. The author adapts the methodology suggested by the World Economic Forum for the calculation of the Inclusive Development Index in relation to the macro-regions of Russia, which are federal districts, for the period 2008–2018. As a result of the study, the author makes a rating of the inclusive development of macro-regions. The leader of the rating during 11 years is the Central Federal District. The second and third ranks have the Ural and North-Western federal districts. The least stable from the point of view of inclusive development are the Siberian and North Caucasian federal districts. The fourth, fifth and sixth places are occupied by the Far Eastern, Volga and Southern Federal districts. Macro-regions were also divided into groups in accordance with average values of the inclusive development index and their dynamics for the whole period under analysis: developed, developing, stagnating and regressing regions. The Central and Far Eastern federal districts were classified as developed ones, North-Western, Volga and Ural districts as stagnating ones, and Southern, North-Caucasian and Siberian federal districts as regressing ones. None of the macro-regions was included into the developing group. A retrospective analysis of the economic, social and environmental development as a whole indicates the negative dynamics of the inclusive growth in the macro-regions of Russia. The lowest values with negative dynamics show the intergenerational equality and sustainability indicators, what is explained by a low level of debt sustainability of the regions, the growing demographic dependency ratio and a relatively high volume of gross emissions into the atmosphere. The methodology suggested by the author can be used as an alternative indicator to gross regional product at the macroregional level.

147 human tularemia cases were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation (the relative incidence rate per 100,000 population is 0.1) in 20 regions of the country in 2024. An unfavorable epidemic situation persists in the territories of the Republic of Karelia (50 tularemia cases); an increase in the incidence was recorded in the KhantyMansi Autonomous District – Yugra (58) and in the Sverdlovsk Region (12), which accounts for 81.6 % of all cases of tularemia in the country. 31 cultures of Francisella tularensis were identified in six regions of the Russian Federation. In 2024, 937,962 people were vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia. In 2025, the high risk of epidemic complications of tularemia will remain in the Central Federal District (Ryazan, Orel and Bryansk Regions), the Southern Federal District (Volgograd, Rostov Regions and the Republic of Crimea), the North Caucasusian Federal District (Stavropol Region), the North-Western Federal District (Arkhangelsk Region, Republic of Karelia, Nenets Autonomous District), Ural Federal District (Sverdlovsk Region and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomy, District Yugra), Siberian Federal District (Novosibirsk and Tomsk Regions, The Republic of Altai and Altai Territory), as well as in the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics, Zaporozhe and Kherson Regions.

The ambiguity of the causal relationship between knowledge creation and regional growth does not indicate its insignificance, as proven by numerous empirical studies. However, such works rarely examine small towns, characterised by uncertainty of knowledge sources. The article aims to identify and compare groups of similar small towns in the Central, Ural and Southern Federal Districts by using a set of knowledge localisation factors. A two-stage clustering was performed by the k-means method according to the following criteria: interactions between actors, specific knowledge stock and financial resources for commercialisation. The resulting cluster centres were divided into quartiles according to the grading system (good, satisfactory or poor). First, the study revealed 10 clusters in the Central Federal District, 7 clusters in the Ural Federal District and 5 clusters in the Southern Federal District. In 35 % of the towns of the Southern Federal District, 35 % of the Central Federal District and 38 % of the Ural Federal District, the estimated specific knowledge stock exceeded the availability of financial resources. Second, towns were differentiated by population and divided into two groups depending on the agglomeration impact of larger cities. Clusters were formed within each group and federal district. 50 % of Ural towns with a population of 10,000 to 20,000 people unaffected by the agglomeration, as well as 62 % of towns with more than 20,000 people have the advantage of specific knowledge stock over financial resources. These values are 18 % and 8 %, respectively, for the Central Federal District, 36 % and 30 % for the Southern Federal District. The findings can help extend the analytical framework for making decisions on the small towns development. Future research may focus on establishing measures to improve the characteristics of clusters.

Introduction: Exposure to adverse environmental factors has been proven to induce additional cases of disease and death in the population. In the absence of effective measures taken to improve environmental quality, the levels of these factors rise, thus causing a potential increase in related human health outcomes. The concept of "prevented" morbidity and mortality cases is used to describe contribution of such measures to improving health of the population. Objective: Theoretical computational study of regional possible prevented health losses as a result of control and supervisory activities of Rospotrebnadzor. Materials and methods: Using the methods of neural network modelling, factor analysis, multiple linear regression theoretically presented the previously developed cascade model in a triple system of links: ‘control and supervisory activities (CSA) of Rospotrebnadzor – habitat quality indicators – public health’. As an additional response from population health (in addition to morbidity and mortality), life expectancy is used. Specific planned and unscheduled actions of Rospotrebnadzor, including imposed liability measures, in relation to business entities that are sources of environmental pollution are considered as affecting the quality of the living environment. Results: There is a pronounced territorial differentiation in prevented cases of disease, so the largest number of prevented cases of disease for the entire population (from 4574 to 19047 per 100,000 population) is observed in the regions: Republic of Dagestan, Kaliningrad region, Saratov region, Sevastopol, Murmansk region, Altai Republic, Belgorod region, Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The smallest number of prevented morbidity cases (from 1976 to 2528 per 100,000 population) due to control and surveillance in the following regions: Sverdlovsk region, Altai region, Krasnoyarsk region, Tambov region, Republic of Tyva, Republic of Karelia, Ryazan region, R. North Ossetia – Alanya. The largest number of prevented deaths for the entire population (from 55.6 to 101.7 per 100,000 population) is observed in the regions: Sevastopol, Kaliningrad region, Republic of Dagestan, Saratov region, Tula region, Belgorod region, Krasnodar region, Chechen Republic. Some of these regions were also among the leaders in prevented morbidity. The smallest number of prevented cases (from 17.8 to 26.6 per 100,000 population) due to control and surveillance activities in the regions: Sverdlovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Krasnoyarsk region, Transbaikal region, Altai region, Tyumen region, Murmansk region, North Ossetia – Alania, Nizhny Novgorod region. He largest number of prevented losses in life expectancy (from 1.61 to 3.73 years) is observed in the regions: Republic of Dagestan, Kaliningrad region, Sevastopol, Saratov region, Belgorod region, Bryansk region, Lipetsk region, Karachay-Cherkess. Many of these regions are also among the leaders in prevented morbidity and mortality. The smallest prevented losses of life expectancy are observed in the regions of the Central, Ural and Siberian federal districts. High values of prevented losses of life expectancy are observed in the Southern and North Caucasus federal districts. Conclusions: Thus, a theoretical computational study of regional possible prevented health losses as a result of control and supervisory activities of Rospotrebnadzor has been carried out; the losses are structured and differentiated by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, by age groups of the population, causes of morbidity and mortality, and indicators of the quality of the living environment. The next stage of work may be the identification of priority activities and control and supervisory activities.

The review provides concise information on the innate ability of cells of the tularemia pathogen, Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica, to resist antimicrobials through a variety of mechanisms, leading to its multi-resistance. In total, taking into account new territories, 120 cases of human infection were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 58 constituent entities. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 18 regions of the country. An outbreak of tularemia occurred in the Stavropol Territory; the disease of mild and moderate severity was found in 76 people. The increased incidence of tularemia persists in the Republic of Karelia with severe cases of the disease in the absence of immunoprophylaxis of this infection in the region. A total of 61 cultures of the tularemia pathogen F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, out of which 20 erythromycin-resistant strains were isolated in the Stavropol Territory. In addition, 8 cultures of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from a silt sample and mites Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis concinna caught in the Republic of Altai were isolated. On the territory of the Russian Federation in 2022, 930 999 people were vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in 2022, epidemic complications in 2023 in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population are most likely to occur in the territories of the Central Federal District – in the Vladimir, Ryazan and Smolensk Regions; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Karelia; Southern Federal District – in the Volgograd and Rostov Regions. The situation in the North Caucasian Federal District will remain tense in the Stavropol Territory; in the Volga Federal District – in the territories of the Saratov Region, as well as in the Kirov Region and the Republic of Mordovia; Ural Federal District – in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain territories of Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk Regions, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territories; in the Far Eastern Federal District, the most intense epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci is in Primorsky Krai.

Relevance. Chlamydia (ornithosis) (Chlamydiosis) is a bacterial disease, which is a zooanthroponosis, with pronounced natural foci. Chlamydia (ornithosis) is widespread in the world among animals and birds; they are recorded on all continents. The key study is Chlamydia psittaci. Infections caused by this pathogen cause a group of endocarditis, myocarditis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis and encephalitis, pneumonia in people. C. psittaci causes recombination most often, which increases the likelihood of a possible role of recombination in the adaptation of C. psittaci to host owners (birds, mammals, including humans). Chlamydia is one of the most dangerous and especially significant infectious diseases, especially for humans and animals, causing great economic damage, which occurs from the following consequences: reduced productivity (up to 50–60%); death of young animals from pneumonia (up to 20%); loss of animal reproduction as a result of abortions and stillbirths (5–30%), the occurrence of non-viable offspring (about 10%), an increase in infertility (up to 50%); carrying out medical, quarantine and emergency measures. Therefore, annual epizootic monitoring of morbidity takes place on the territory of the Russian Federation. The article publishes the reporting data of veterinary laboratory years of the 4th form on the diagnosis of bird ornithosis on the territory of the Russian Federation for 2018–2020.Methodology. An assessment of the epizootic situation for chlamydia (ornithosis) in birds in the Russian Federation for 2018–2020, based on the results of the analysis, income from annual reports, observations of state veterinary laboratories in the Federal State Budgetary Institution CNMVL in the 4-vet (annual) form.Results. During the analyzed period, the number of cases of the disease was detected among 16%, while an increase in the number of detected cases of ornithosis among birds. In 2018–2020, positive cases of ornithosis were detected in the Volga Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Ural Federal District, Siberian Federal District, Central Federal District, and in 2020 ornithosis was detected in the Southern Federal District and the Far East Federal District bird ornithosis situation in these territories.

Significance. At present, despite the end of the Covid-19 pandemic, the problem of morbidity in the pediatric population remains relevant. Taking into account the high level of morbidity of children during the pandemic, it is necessary to analyze the indicators and structure of general and first-diagnosed morbidity to make management decisions in the development of preventive measures. Purpose of the study. To study the general and first-time morbidity of the pediatric population in the Russian Federation before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The paper analyzes the general morbidity of the child population aged 0-14 years of the Russian Federation for 2019-2023 according to the statistical compilations of the Ministry of Health of Russia using statistical (descriptive statistics) and analytical methods of research, calculation of intensive and extensive indicators. Conclusions. In 2019-2023, in children 0-14 years of age, total morbidity increased in most federal districts (Northwestern Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District, and Far Eastern Federal District), and decreased in the rest (Southern Federal District, Northern Federal District, and Central Federal District). An increase in total morbidity was registered in 54.1% of the subjects, and a decrease - in 45.9%. Over the same period, the primary morbidity rate increased in four federal districts (North Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District, and Urals Federal District), and decreased in the rest (Southern Federal District, Central Federal District, Northern Federal District, and Volga Federal District). At the same time, 47.06% of the subjects saw an increase in the index, while in 52.94% - a decrease. In the country as a whole, the general morbidity among children increased by 0.53% during the period under study, while primary morbidity decreased by 0.99%. Respiratory diseases occupy the leading position in the structure of general and primary morbidity, regardless of the Covid-19 pandemic, when its share increased by 1 and 2.65%, respectively. Keywords. Covid-19 pandemic; pediatric population; total and first-time morbidity; incidence patterns

The article presents the results of an analytical study of the cluster structure of the Russian Federation. The potential for the development of industry clusters in the regions, considering both manufactured and sold products is created, on the one hand, on the basis of the uncontrolled market events, and with the help of the active efforts of public-private partnership. The study examined the following cluster structures: the Central Federal district, southern Federal district, North-Western Federal district, Fat Eastern Federal district, Siberian Federal district, Ural Federal district, Volga Federal district North Caucasian Federal district, Crimean Federal district. The article describes centers of cluster development. effectively working now in the regions of the Russian Federation The consistency of the cluster formation with industrial potential determines the direction and the dynamic development of the domestic economy.

В статье представлен анализ данных по динамике среднемесячной номинальной начисленной заработной платы работников организаций в РФ, ЮФО, Краснодарском крае, а также по субъектам РФ за 2000-2020 гг. в том числе: Центральный федеральный округ; Северо-Западный федеральный округ; Южный федеральный округ; Северо-Кавказский федеральный округ; Приволжский федеральный округ; Уральский федеральный округ; Сибирский федеральный округ; Дальневосточный федеральный округ. Предложены пути решения проблемы, направленных на снижение дифференциации заработной платы в России. The article presents an analysis of data on the dynamics of the average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees of organizations in the Russian Federation, the Southern Federal District, the Krasnodar Territory, as well as by the subjects of the Russian Federation for 2000-2020, including: the Central FederalDistrict; the North-Western Federal District; the Southern Federal District; the North Caucasus Federal District; the Volga Federal District; the Ural Federal District; the Siberian Federal District; the Far Eastern Federal District. The ways of solving the problem aimed at reducing wage differentiation in Russia are proposed.