Правовые проблемы обеспечения информационной безопасности личности в цифровом пространстве

The article is devoted to the identification and their correlation of such legal concepts as “constitutional and legal status of a person” and “information security of a person”. The article is focused on the main factors affecting the constitutional and legal status of a person, which include political and economic conflicts, the crisis of international law, the widespread use of new technologies, including information and communication technologies. In order to identify the nature of the relationship between the constitutional and legal status and information security of a person, the author analyzes the content of the concept of “information security of a person”, “digital security of a person”, “cybersecurity of a person”. Under the information security of a person, which is much more comprehensive than digital security, the author understands the achievement of personal security along with the guarantees of realization of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests related to information. It argues that the information security is connected not only with ensuring the right to information, but also with a whole range of constitutional rights, in particular, with such ones: 1) the openness and reliability of information about the activities of all public authorities; 2) obtaining information that needs to exercise other constitutional rights (the right to access to cultural values, the right to health protection, etc.); 3) information related to a person's identity, personal data; rights realized in the digital space by information and communication technologies. The author studies the provisions of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, which has showed that the rightful content of the information security of a person is to protect human rights and freedoms and relevant legitimate interests. The article concludes that personal information security cannot be recognized as a new human right. It is an element of the constitutional and legal status and refers to the guarantees of human rights and freedoms.

Informatization of society has led to a set of fundamentally new problems that humanity has not faced throughout the history of its development. These are the challenges of ensuring the information security of man, society, the state and the entire biosphere of our planet. The article considers the key information security issues of the contemporary world. The authors focus on the nature and essence of information, analyze the concept of information security in a wider and narrower interpretations. They argue that the practices of applying information technologies without ensuring the necessary information security significantly increase the likelihood of information threats, primarily the information inequality, the possibility of manipulations, cyber illnesses, computer crimes, information warfare, etc. Artificial intelligence is one of the key elements of the information age, which is already able to analyze, process and classify huge volumes of rapidly changing and extremely heterogeneous data; thus, the widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies becomes an essential factor in ensuring information security. Artificial intelligence can facilitate the free exchange of information, but it can also be used to spread disinformation and fake news. At the same time, the content moderation for information hygiene purposes can be based on the artificial intelligence algorithms. Thus, artificial intelligence technologies can and should serve as a means of ensuring personal information security. This means that security measures must be comprehensive and include not only instrumental and technological but also ideological and cultural measures - educational in nature, providing the appropriate orientation of the individual.

Research on consumers' personal information security and perception based on digital twins and Internet of Things

In recent years, there have been many events about personal information disclosure. Almost everyday our personal data are threatened by the hackers and virus. This article systemically analyzes the ways by which the personal information is threatened and discusses about the ethics of personal information security; consequently proposes the measures to improve the personal information ethics and information security.

Subject. As the socio-economic relationships are getting digitalized so quickly, the society faces more and more instances of cybercrime. To effectively prevent arising threats to personal information security, it is necessary to know key social engineering methods and security activities to mitigate consequences of emerging threats. Objectives. We herein analyze and detect arising information security threats associated with social engineering. We set forth basic guidelines for preventing threats and improving the personal security from social engineering approaches. Methods. The study relies upon methods of systems analysis, synthesis, analogy and generalization. Results. We determined the most frequent instances associated with social engineering, which cause personal information security threats and possible implications. The article outlines guidelines for improving the persona; security from social engineering approaches as an information security threat. Conclusions and Relevance. To make information security threats associated with social engineering less probable, there should be a comprehensive approach implying two strategies. First, the information security protection should be technologically improved, fitted with various data protection, antivirus, anti-fishing software. Second, people should be more aware of information security issues. Raising the public awareness, the government, heads of various departments, top executives of public and private organizations should set an integrated training system for people, civil servants, employees to proliferate the knowledge of information security basics.

ObjectiveWe explored the feasibility of app-based HIV testing services (AHTS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) according to the perspectives of testing service providers.MethodsTwenty-one current or previous AHTS providers participated in a semi-structured interview which explored the facilitators and barriers to AHTS. Ten participants originating from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 11 from the non-governmental organization (NGO) in Shijiazhuang, China took part in this study. Interviews was transcribed verbatim, and the socioecological model (SEM) was applied to thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty-one participants from AHTS services commented on the integration of online appointment schedules into HIV testing services. AHTS was deemed a convenient and efficient method for MSM and service providers to choose their preferred location and times. Moreover, it allowed for important HIV-related information to be accessed online and targeted toward at-risk individuals. Participants thought MSM may feel unsure about personal information security being stored within a privatized app and was considered a barrier to AHTS's usability. As such, they believed establishing a government-led national online platform for AHTS would allow for greater trust from MSM, rather than a social media app.ConclusionBy linking booking services to an online platform, AHTS was deemed a convenient and efficient method for HIV testing services, especially for young MSM who are familiar with smartphone applications. To improve the use of these services, AHTS apps should focus on ensuring the confidentiality of personal information and internet security to build trust between MSM and service providers.

Classifying and studying new and repeated online buyers and finding out the differences is quite important for enterprises that sell goods online to formulate market strategies. This paper investigates and compares the factors that influence new and repeated Chinese buyers' intention to shop online by empirical method. The result shows that personal information security, usefulness, convenience, trade reliability and shopping feeling are 5 main factors. New and repeated buyers have quite different perception on "personal information security", "usefulness" and "convenience " factors, and these three factors have higher influencing degrees to new buyers than to repeated buyers. However, they have the same perception on "trade reliability" and "shopping feeling". These findings suggest that one important aspect of market strategies made by enterprises that sell goods online is to eliminate new buyers' misunderstanding about "personal information security", "usefulness" and "convenience"; enterprises should strengthen all buyers' confidence in "personal information security " and "trade reliability ".

The advent of the era of big data has made people’s lives more intelligent and convenient, and has brought enormous value to human beings. At the same time, it has brought about a lot of challenges. Personal information security is one of them. In the big data era, massive amounts of personal information are continuously input, simultaneously, the means of illegally acquiring, disseminating, and applying personal information are emerging in endlessly, Raising human thinking about information security. Therefore, the personal information security problem caused by big data should not be underestimated. Firstly, it introduces the related concepts of personal information, discusses the sources of risks faced by personal information in the process of implantation, dissemination and application. Secondly, it discusses the existing problems and solutions in China. Finally, the application difficulties and coping strategies of information security technology are analyzed, which provides theoretical support for personal information security in the era of big data.

The global rise in the use of electronic payments highlights the growing importance of personal information security in this domain.Scholars have explored various aspects of this issue, including payment systems, technological implementations, user acceptance, behavior, and psychological factors.This study aims to identify research gaps and future trends in personal information security in electronic payments through bibliometric analysis.Data was sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 1974 to 2023.The dataset was analyzed using VOSviewer and R-Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny) software.The co-occurrence network output indicates that future research should focus on clusters with lower density and central positions, such as user acceptance of new technologies, consumer behavior, user trust, and user satisfaction with electronic payments.The R-Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny) thematic map identified research gaps across four quadrants: motor themes, niche themes, emerging or declining themes, and basic themes.The study proposes potential research areas in personal information security in electronic payments and develops an extended UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) model tailored to this field.The study identifies trust and technology acceptance as critical themes and extends the UTAUT model to incorporate personal information security cognition.

With the advent of the era of big data, the information that people come into contact with on a daily basis is gradually being comprehensively collected and used. Thanks to the use of big data, it is possible to significantly improve the development space of various industries in our country and provide good services to network users. However, when using big data applications, the security of personal information has also been severely affected, and the leakage of personal information is relatively simple. In order to ensure the security of personal information more effectively in the era of big data, this article provides an appropriate analysis of the main characteristics of obtaining and collecting information in the era of big data in combination with the main manifestations of personal information security problems. A comprehensive analysis was also carried out from the point of view of legal protection, and at the end of the article targeted measures were proposed to counteract the legal protection of information security of personal information, in the hope of gradually increasing the level of legal protection of information security of personal information in big data. era.

The article examines the problems of human information security as a component of national security. It is noted that the goal of the formation and development of the information society in Ukraine is to improve the quality of life of citizens, ensure the competitiveness of the state, develop the economic, socio-political, cultural and spiritual spheres of society, improve the system of public administration based on the use of information and telecommunication technologies. The developing electronic state enshrines both natural human rights and positive rights that directly establish the rules of behavior in complex informational relations. At the same time, we attach the following meaning to the concept of information rights and freedoms: a set of actions of various subjects in the information sphere, namely in the sphere of searching, receiving, transmitting, conducting and distributing information, using information technologies and ensuring information protection. In view of this, the priority task of ensuring a favorable legal regime of information rights and freedoms should be resolved at the level of national information legislation and contribute to the creation of a full-fledged international regime of such rights. It was emphasized that the concept of "personal information security” is in the same line with such concepts as "security”, "national security”, "information security”. At the same time, the problem of information security of the individual in the conditions of global informatization is becoming more acute every year, putting new tasks before the information society and the legislator every time. Therefore, the concept of security, information security becomes the most important component of national security as a whole. This is primarily due to the fact that the state of achieving information security can be considered as a need not only of the state, but also of other subjects of information relations: citizens, legal entities, as well as technological mechanisms, systems, information and communication technologies - objects information security. It was concluded that one of the primary tasks of the domestic legislator should be the search for effective mechanisms for the protection of informational rights and freedoms. The very existence of the electronic state should enable subjects of information relations to protect their rights and interests. When implementing informational rights and freedoms, it is important to what extent industry legislation corresponds to the realities of social relations in one or another sphere. In the end, information law should strive for such a level of its development, when specific information rights can be judged by the guarantees of their implementation established by industry legislation. However, the lack of due attention on the part of the legislator to the problems of information security of the individual directly restrains the process of development of the information society, does not contribute to the full realization of the interests of the individual in the process of forming the electronic state. That is why one of the measures to ensure the exercise of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen in the information sphere is the maintenance of the necessary level of information security and directly such a component of it as information security of a person. Therefore, the realization of the rights of every person in the information sphere is recognized as one of the components of information security. Therefore, we consider it correct to single out such components of Ukraine's information security as "human information security”.

An article devoted to the study of the main points of using "fake news" for manipulations of the mass consciousness for the purpose of informational and psychological influence. "Fake news" is seen as a covert influence. Information intrusion, manipulation, and the use of socio-psychological influence are a serious threat to both the basic principles of a democratic society and the personal information and psychological security of citizens. The purpose of this study is to analyze the types of "fake news" and ways to overcome them to ensure information security of the state.

While digital space is a place where users communicate increasingly, the recent threat of COVID-19 infection even more emphasised the necessity of effective and well-organised online environment. Therefore, it is nowadays, more whenever in the past, important to deal with various unhealthy phenomena, that prohibit effective communication and knowledge sharing in the digital space. Undesired user behaviour and user-generated content in the online environment (mostly on social media) can have various forms, probably, the most harmful is the creation and spreading of false information (e.g., fake news) and using abusive language (e.g. hate speech). While a notable amount of research effort has been already dedicated to reducing and mitigating the negative consequences of such phenomena, a number of additional challenges and open problems remain unsolved. In this book chapter, at first, we provide a summary of existing research works, challenges and open problems. Consequently, we introduce our research results addressing false information and abusive language. Our approaches are based on intelligent and knowledge-based methods, mainly machine learning, natural language processing, and semi-automatic approaches. Besides the detection of undesired content, we present also less studied approaches to identify users, who contribute or spread such content. Our approaches are also complemented by the methods that are specific for computational social science and humanities as hyperlink network analysis, conceptual analysis, and interviews. Finally, we present some of our applications for monitoring and mitigating such undesired content and behaviour.KeywordsFalse informationAbusive languageDigital spaceText processingMachine learning

Background: There is concern that information technology (IT) users are not taking cognisance of personal information security (PIS), with many keen to disclose personal identifiable information (PII) across connected and integrated IT systems that use the Internet. Compromised PII has led to many users being vulnerable to information security risks emanating from malicious software and hackers.Objective: This article elicits perspectives from IT users in the metropole area of Johannesburg, South Africa, in an effort to raise awareness of the dangers of oversharing PII across the Internet.Methods: The study uses a quantitative approach to elicit data on user perspectives. The quantitative data were collected through online surveys distributed amongst IT employees working across various companies in Johannesburg.Results: The results revealed that of the four constructs drawn from the literature review, namely training, interest, awareness and action that possibly predict user predisposition to maintain information security at a personal level, of concern is that only the construct interest would not likely predict PIS.Conclusion: Dangers such as identity theft and phishing attacks are exacerbated by the willingness of users to overshare PII across social networks. A concerted user awareness campaign to promote user PIS needs to be revisited whilst incorporating innovative ways to raise interest amongst users regarding these dangers. South African companies are encouraged to invest resources in bespoke ways to increase user interest, which would be seen as an ideal starting point to making PIS great again.

This article is devoted to the study of the role of state bodies and civil structures in ensuring the security of the digital network space. The purpose of this work was to determine the subjective opinions of citizens about the boundaries of society and state responsibility for security in the digital network space. This sociological study included a combined online and offline survey, as well as a survey of experts. A sample of 1,000 respondents aged 16 years and older was recruited, which was representative on gender and age grounds. The sample for the expert survey consisted of 90 specialists across areas of activity. Based on the results, the authors concluded that in order to legitimize power, it is necessary to re-distinguish states and societies from the responsibility of ensuring personal and public security. Respondents considered the state and society to be equally responsible for the moral components of personal security, and that the state is responsible for protecting the personal data of citizens and ensuring public security. Experts were inclined to believe that both personal and public security in the digital network environment should be provided by authorities.
 Keywords: digitalization, responsibility, state, society, security, digital network space