Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a more specialized after-school program for lower-grade elementary school children, moving away from a talent-centered approach. Drawing on previous research using Freinet pedagogy and Cousinet's small group free learning, a total of 10 sessions were designed focusing on expression, communication, and cooperation. The program was implemented for three months at OO Elementary School in N City, Chungnam province, and then refined based on feedback. Additionally, to assess the program's effectiveness, measures of self-expression, social competence, and social behavior were administered before and after the program, and a comparative analysis was conducted. Due to the limited number of participants, qualitative analysis was conducted on the program development process and the journals of three researchers and prospective teachers who participated in the implementation. The analysis revealed that the themes of the after-school program emphasizing expression, communication, and cooperation included transitioning from presentations to expressions, teacher cooperation and communication, changes in and utilization of activity spaces, fostering and supporting self-formed small groups, and satisfaction with program execution. This after-school program, as designed, cannot serve as a standardized model, but it can be flexibly implemented based on the characteristics of the after-school institution, the implementing agents, and the target audience.
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