Влияние политического медиадискурса вражды на освещение Специальной военной операции

From Café Culture to Tweets

When the Russian president divorced his wife in 2013, social media crowds coined plenty of the Internet memes to interpret the news. Anastasia Denisova, Doctoral Researcher at CAMRI, examined the framing of the story in traditional and new media and came to the surprising findings.

RELEVANCE. The relationship between politics and sports is a pressing issue, since political contradictions between states are reflected in sports. Major sporting events are not just competitions between athletes, but also fierce political struggles. Through professional sports with the help of various media technologies, it is possible to influence global society and achieve geopolitical results. The relationship between elite sports and politics is considered using the example of the exclusion of Russian sports from international competitions and materials about this in the media.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Materials from foreign media have been studied on the topic of removing Russia from big-time sports, depriving it of state symbols, removing Russian athletes from international competitions due to disagreement with the political course of the authorities of the Russian Federation, and the introduction of so-called sanctions in the field of sports. The study was based on a comparative historical method, which helps to consider the dynamics of the development of relations between Russian sports and the political course of Western countries. The theoretical basis was the work of domestic and foreign researchers of the history and theory of sports. Content analysis was also used to study materials from Russian and foreign media with the aim of determining the attitude of foreign states towards Russian sports and its oppression in the international sports arena from 2014 to 2024.RESULT AND DISCUSSION. An analysis of foreign media materials confirms that pressure on Russian sports is being exerted by Western countries due to their disagreement with the political course of the Russian Federation. An analysis of sources showed that Western media agree on the issue of sanctions against Russian sports: they support the introduction of restrictions against Russian sports, but at the same time they call such measures an instrument of geopolitics, an instrument of “containing Russia”. This confirms the politicization of sports through the media.CONCLUSION. Analyzing the content of publications in both foreign and Russian media, we can conclude that pressure on Russian sports and members of the Russian national team began to intensify after the victory of the Russian team in the team event at the Olympic Games in Sochi 2014 and after the Republic of Crimea joined the Russian Federation . After the Russian Armed Forces launched a special military operation in Ukraine, even more sanctions and restrictions were introduced against Russian sports, and Russia was actually excluded from international sports. The author believes that the pressure on Russian sports will only increase.

Accuracy, or getting the news right, has been viewed as a paramount journalism value. However, in the digital age, the pressure to disseminate news rapidly has increased the possibility that erroneous information may be published. Based on longitudinal survey data in the United States, this study investigates the factors that influence news users’ tolerance towards journalism errors. Alternative and competing theoretical models are tested to delimit the effects of traditional news use as opposed to social media news, and traditional versus social media news trust. The results showcase how traditional media news trust positively predicts people’s tolerance toward journalism errors. Similarly, traditional media news trust significantly mediates the relationship between traditional media news use and journalism error tolerance. However, social media news use and trust have either limited or null effects on journalism error tolerance, and social media news trust does not significantly mediate the relationship between social media news use and journalism error tolerance. Theoretical explanations and implications of these findings are discussed in the study.

This study seeks to measure the effectiveness of traditional media in promoting tourism in this digital age in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study employed a descriptive research design and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The findings revealed that traditional and online media are more or less equally competitive in promoting tourism. Traditional media is still effective in promoting tourism in this digital age, especially in the domestic market. The study concluded and recommended that tourism marketers and authorities must come to terms with coexistence with traditional media and online media. There is no need to rely on one media to do it all. Where traditional media is lacking, online media must be there to make up for the difference and enhance the tourist experience.

This text presents the main results of the project "Local Media of the Nišava District in the Digital Age". The subject of the research was the position of the local media of the Nišava district, as well as the capacities and strategies that these media have in order to meet the challenges posed by the digital age. The aim of the project was to explore the economic, social and technological position of the local media of the Nišava District and their ability to develop as institutions of the local public sphere in the digital environment. The answer to the research question: "How the local media of the Nišava District adapt to the changes brought by the digital age" was obtained by applying two methodological procedures. The first is the implementation of in-depth interviews with the editors-in-chief of 20 local media in the Nišava District, who provided information on the economic position of local media, staffing, technological and organizational structures of local media, attitudes toward public interest and development strategies. The second methodological procedure is the analysis of the content of online editions of traditional local media and digital only local media in the Nišava District, which has established the level of development of these sites. The conclusion of this research is that the media that originate and live only on the Internet showed greater innovation, while the editors-in-chief of traditional local media primarily strive to improve their traditional media and therefore to develop a strategy of 'necessary minimum presence' in the online sphere.

The relevance of the article lies in the study of the value aspect of the functioning of online media, which played an important role in overcoming the COVID-19 epidemic. The object of the study is the network media Weibo, TikTok and the network platform “Gosuslugi. Let’s decide together.” Scientifi c novelty is manifested in the analysis of the little-studied problem of the value of network media as sources of information in overcoming the real diffi culty of communication in an epidemic. The value of online media is expressed in educating the audience and jointly overcoming the consequences of the pandemic. The following methods were used: mass media monitoring, comparative analysis method, study of documents. A comparative analysis of the functioning of traditional and online media led to the conclusion that during the study period (from December 31, 2019 to July 15, 2020), traditional media did not pay due attention to organizing feedback from the audience, studying its opinion, as well as its emotional state. Traditional media have focused exclusively on factual messages, unlike online media, which are interested in: 1) engaging the audience in the exchange of information; 2) articulating its information needs and 3) expressing its emotions about the pandemic. A critical analysis of the literature has shown that the value of online media increases signifi cantly in emergency situations, such as an epidemic, since these information platforms are able to overcome time and space barriers in real time, distributing high-quality news and realizing the vital interests of the audience. The study of documents and reports of international health organizations confi rmed this thesis: the activities of the media lead to changes in public opinion and behavior and can affect the general psychological state of society. In the article, the value of network media is considered in three aspects: 1) social value is expressed in bringing the voices of ordinary people to everyone’s attention, satisfying their need to express emotions; 2) the value of communication ‒ in removing restrictions in intersocial and internatio nal dialogue and information exchange; 3) the value of propaganda lies in uniting peoples and promoting social cooperation in overcoming global dangers. In the future, it seems necessary to study the value of network media in the scientifi c discourse in the dissemination of information and organization of communication in emergency situations.

This article reviews the peculiarities of representation of COVID-19 pandemic by the Russian media. The theoretical-methodological framework is comprised of the philosophical and sociological concepts of fear, social emotions, social feeling, as well as information and mass communication theory. The empirical basis employs media content of the Internet resources, media discourse of news broadcast, and the nationwide sociological surveys. The article traces the dynamics of information materials related to coronavirus infection for the period from January to June 2020, which indicates the escalation of fearfulness of the media content. Such dynamics is compared to changes in in social emotions of the Russians, which reflect increase of anxiety and concerns, including the fear of getting infected with coronavirus. It is noted that the leading role in development of the fear of coronavirus is played by the traditional media, such as television. Characteristic is given to the information entropy in mass media, emerging as a result of the absence of accurate scientific records on the novel coronavirus infection. The author highlights the key contradictory theses of the Russian mass media related to coronavirus during the first wave of the pandemic. It is underlined that information entropy is a psychotraumatic factor that promotes mass fears and anxieties, and simultaneously, distrust in the official information provided by media. The peculiarity of representation of COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian media is also viewed in the context of interaction between the traditional media and Internet resources. It is demonstrated  that the materials on coronavirus posted on the social media are used by the traditional media as a factor of increasing the validity of media content dedicated to coronavirus infection, and as proof of actual threat of the outbreak of coronavirus disease.

This study examines the role of social media in shaping public opinion, contrasting it with traditional media platforms through a qualitative literature review. As digital media becomes increasingly prevalent, understanding its impact on public discourse is essential. The research highlights the unique attributes of social media, including interactivity, immediacy, and user-generated content, which differentiate it from traditional media formats such as television, radio, and print. By synthesizing findings from a variety of scholarly articles, this study identifies key themes regarding how social media influences public perception, mobilizes communities, and facilitates the spread of information. Furthermore, the analysis reveals significant challenges, including the prevalence of misinformation and echo chambers, which can distort public opinion and polarize discourse. The results indicate that while social media offers opportunities for broader engagement and diverse perspectives, it also necessitates critical literacy among users to navigate the complexities of digital information landscapes. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on media studies by providing a comprehensive overview of the comparative effects of traditional and digital media platforms on public opinion formation. The findings underscore the need for further research into the ethical implications of social media usage and its potential to shape democratic processes.

Exploring a Curatorial Turn in Journalism

ABSTRACTIn Russia, the present media system is properly understood only in the context of the addition of new online media to the traditional print and electronic media; the Internet has given rise to alternative agendas and created new relations of integration and solidarity with society. This article explores these new media with the aim to clarify how they are 1) different from the traditional media in terms of the professional structure and political values of journalists, and 2) innovative to challenge present media system biases. To address these questions, journalists of the new and old media are compared on demography, political orientation and professional values, but also on their local contexts (type of city). The article is based on in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted in 72 media outlets with 144 journalists in four cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg and Petrozavodsk, from December 2012 to January 2015.

This article discusses: the features of media consumption of the residents of the Kostanay region, priority channels for obtaining local and international news, the popularity of traditional and new media as sources of information. The main purpose of this study is to assess the impact of various types of media on the media space of the region. Moreover, the types of media are evaluated in several aspects at once, including through the prism of the struggle between the Internet and traditional media, TV and newspapers, competition between domestic and foreign media and between traditional and network sources of information. Data collection was carried out using a survey of respondents, both in traditional written form and online through a survey in the Google forms. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis about the impact of demographic, geographical and historical factors on the very strong influence of the Russian media in the region, both through television and through the Internet, regardless of the level of development of digital technologies in the respondents' locality. But on the positive side, the age of the respondents is inversely correlated with the popularity of Russian media, and accordingly allows us to hope that the issue of information security will be less vulnerable in the future. This study can be a baseline for assessing the dynamics and changes in the media consumption of residents of the Kostanay region. Also, similar studies can be carried out in other regions of Kazakhstan to identify common trends or differences. Keywords: media consumption, mass communication, information security, digital literacy.

Актуальность выбранной темы заключается в безусловной важности роли СМИ в процессе формирования общественного сознания. Более того, интерпретация и целостное восприятие важнейших государственных и мировых событий и явлений осуществляется с непосредственным участием средств массовой информации. Современное мировое сообщество подчиняется жесткому правилу: реальное событие значительно только при условии широкого упоминания в средствах массовой информации. Необходимо подчеркнуть, что в число особенностей СМИ входит и способность формирования образа не только конкретной личности (политика, активиста), но и страны в целом. Ввиду такой степени влияния СМИ на восприятие конкретной страны в целом (ее политика и культура) изучение трансформации медиа-имиджа государства (в нашем случае - Российской Федерации) и его характеристик всегда актуально. В зарубежном медийном пространстве мифы о России и связанных с ней фобиях были сформированы в течение долгих лет холодной войны и последних месяцев специальной военной операции. Важно выяснить, насколько и какизменился подход к освещению современного образа России и российской действительности в европейских СМИ. Новизна данной работы заключается в попытке проследить динамику развития медиаобраза России в западных средствах массовой информации и их связь с событиями, предшествующими и в рамках специальной военной операции на Украине. Также предпринята попытка осуществления подробного анализа основных составляющих образа России в СМИ, а также выявление доминирующих тем, которые характерны для каждой составляющей. Объект исследования: медиаобраз России в европейских средствах массовой информации. Предмет исследования – особенности формирования образа России в европейских СМИ в рамках специальной военной операции на Украине. Цель исследования – проанализировать особенности создания медиа образа России в европейских СМИ в условиях проведения специальной военной операции на Украине. Задачи исследования: 1. изучить научные подходы к понятию «образ», «медиаобраз»; 2. определить исторические особенности создания образа России в европейских СМИ; 3. проанализировать специфику восприятия России в европейских СМИ после начала специальной военной операции на Украине; 4. выявить репрезентацию образа России в европейских СМИ с началом СВО. Основными методами для написания данной работы выступили: анализ научной литературы по теме исследования, историко-аналитический, интерпретация и дискурсивный анализ, контент-анализ, контекстуальный анализ. Практическая значимость данной работ заключается в том, что полученные результаты могут послужить основой для более детального исследования образа России в европейских СМИ. Так же основные выводы могут быть использованы в процессе информационного противостояния и защиты имиджа России за рубежом The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the absolute importance of the role of the media in the process of forming public consciousness. Moreover, the interpretation and holistic perception of the most important state and world events and phenomena is carried out with the direct participation of the media. The modern world community is subject to a strict rule: a real event is significant only if it is widely mentioned in the media. It must be emphasized that the features of the media include the ability to form an image not only of a specific individual (politician, activist), but also of the country as a whole. Due to such a degree of influence of the media on the perception of a particular country as a whole (its politics and culture), the study of the transformation of the media image of the state (in our case, the Russian Federation) and its characteristics is always relevant. In the foreign media space, myths about Russia and related phobias were formed during the long years of the Cold War and the last months of a special military operation. It is important to find out how much and how the approach to covering the modern image of Russia and Russian reality in the European media has changed. The novelty of this work lies in the attempt to trace the dynamics of the development of the media image of Russia in the Western media and their connection with the events preceding and within the framework of the special military operation in Ukraine. An attempt was also made to carry out a detailed analysis of the main components of the image of Russia in the media, as well as to identify the dominant themes that are characteristic of each component. Object of study: the media image of Russia in the European media. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the formation of the image of Russia in the European media within the framework of a special military operation in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of creating a media image of Russia in the European media in the context of a special military operation in Ukraine. Research objectives: 1. to study scientific approaches to the concept of “image”, “media image”; 2. determine the historical features of the creation of the image of Russia in the European media; 3. analyze the specifics of the perception of Russia in the European media after the start of a special military operation in Ukraine; 4. identify the representation of the image of Russia in the European media since the beginning of the Northern Military District. The main methods for writing this work were: analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, historical- analytical, interpretation and discourse analysis, content analysis, contextual analysis. The practical significance of this work lies in the fact that the results obtained can serve as the basis for a more detailed study of the image of Russia in the European media. Also, the main conclusions can be used in the process of information confrontation and protecting the image of Russia abroad

The internet is widely seen to have facilitated social movement organizations (SMOs) by providing them with alternative media. In the western context, some authors suggest that additionally SMOs use the internet tactically as a tool to gain access to traditional news media. This usage is seen to reaffirm and reinforce the centrality of print and electronic news media. This article shifts the focus to China and examines the interaction between the internet and the traditional mass media in the unfolding of three internet incidents. It reveals that via the expression of public opinion on the internet ordinary people are able to collectively shape and even direct conventional news agendas. In China, where the role of the media is to ‘direct’ public opinion rather than to reflect it, this suggests that the interaction between the two forms of communication serves to challenge state control over the traditional media.

In recent years the Russian government has dramatically expanded its restrictions on the internet, while simultaneously consolidating its grip on traditional media. The internet, however, because of its transnational configuration, continues to evade comprehensive state control and offers ever new opportunities for disseminating and consuming dissenting opinions. Drawing on a wide range of disciplines, including media law, human rights, political science, media and cultural studies, and the study of religion, this book examines the current state of the freedom of speech, freedom of expression, and media freedom in Russia, focussing on digital media and cross-media initiatives that bridge traditional and new media spheres. It assesses how the conditions for free speech are influenced by the dynamic development of Russian media, including the expansion of digital technologies, explores the interaction and transfer of practices, formats, stylistics and aesthetics between independent and state-owned media, and discusses how far traditional media co-opt strategies developed by and associated with independent media to mask their lack of free expression. Overall, the book provides a deep and rich understanding of the changing structures and practices of national and transnational Russian media and how they condition the boundaries of freedom of expression in Russia today.