Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of Instruments and methods of underwater research, which were used to study the ecology of the Kara Sea solid radioactive waste (SRW) damping regions, as well as to examine the condition of radiation-hazardous objects. The article deals with technical and methodical solutions to the problems of searching for underwater objects and studies of the morphology of the bottom relief using sonar methods. An important stage in the process of research of underwater radiation-hazardous objects is their identification and determination of compliance with archival data. These operations are carried out using underwater video systems, allowing to visually determine the state of underwater objects and protective barriers separating sources of radioactivity from the environment. The state of these barriers is also assessed by the levels of radioactivity outside the objects and on the adjacent areas of the bottom using underwater gamma spectrometers. Sonars, video systems and gamma spectrometers are delivered to the objects of research with the help of underwater instruments carriers. These include towed, remote-controlled and autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles (UTSI, ROV and AUV). UTSI and AUV are used mainly for work on specified routes with sonar or video equipment. ROVs are used for objects inspection and visually controlled targeted gamma-spectrometric measurements and sampling. This technology was developed in the process of marine research of SRW dumping regions in the Cara Sea, it allowed to obtain modern data on environment and flooded objects state and though confirmed the correctness of the selected research methodology.
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