Abstract
The aim of the study was the use of thermal effects in the rectification of multicomponent mixtures of vegetable raw materials.The objectives of the study included the creation of a distillation column with a low flow resistance and high separating ability levels on the basis of deliberate action on the thermal effects caused by the process of evaporation and condensation.The results of investigation of thermal rectification obtained by strengthening ethanol-water mixture in a column with 25 stages pin made of horizontally fixed plates.It was found that the efficiency of separation of the mixture at the lower levels investigated by thermal distillation column is carried out mainly due to the effect caused by partial condensation, and on the upper levels, due to the evaporation of liquid placed on the surface of the plates.Column has reached a low resistance not exceeding 40 Pa, at a relatively high separation efficiency 0,4–0,7.The parameters of the process intensifies heat and mass transfer in thermal distillation.Developed column due to its high efficiency and low hydraulic resistance are recommended for carrying out the processes of rectification under vacuum, for example ethanol dehydration.
Highlights
В задачи исследования входило создание ректификационной колонны с низким гидравлическим сопротивлением и высокой разделяющей способностью ступеней на основе целенаправленного воздействия на процесс термическими эффектами, вызванными испарением и конденсацией
The aim of the study was the use of thermal effects in the rectification of multicomponent mixtures of vegetable raw materials.The objectives of the study included the creation of a distillation column with a low flow resistance and high separating ability levels on the basis of deliberate action on the thermal effects caused by the process of evaporation and condensation.The results of investigation of thermal rectification obtained by strengthening ethanol-water mixture in a column with 25 stages pin made of horizontally fixed plates.It was found that the efficiency of separation of the mixture at the lower levels investigated by thermal distillation column is carried out mainly due to the effect caused by partial condensation, and on the upper levels, due to the evaporation of liquid placed on the surface of the plates.Column has reached a low resistance not exceeding 40 Pa, at a relatively high separation efficiency 0,4–0,7.The parameters of the process intensifies heat and mass transfer in thermal distillation.Developed column due to its high efficiency and low hydraulic resistance are recommended for carrying out the processes of rectification under vacuum, for example ethanol dehydration
Разработанная колонна вследствие ее высокой эффективности и низкого гидравлического сопротивления рекомендуется для проведения процессов ректификации под вакуумом, например для обезвоживания этанола
Summary
В задачи исследования входило создание ректификационной колонны с низким гидравлическим сопротивлением и высокой разделяющей способностью ступеней на основе целенаправленного воздействия на процесс термическими эффектами, вызванными испарением и конденсацией. Представлены результаты исследования процесса термической ректификации, полученные при укреплении смеси этанол – вода в колонне с 25 контактными ступенями, выполненными из горизонтально установленных пластин. Установлено что эффективность разделения смеси на нижних ступенях исследуемой колонны при термической ректификации осуществляется преимущественно за счет эффекта, вызванного парциальной конденсацией, а на верхних ступенях – за счет испарения жидкости, размещенной на поверхности пластин.
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