ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ГРОМАДСЬКИХ АРХІТЕКТУРНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ: ВІД АНТИЧНОСТІ ДО СУЧАСНОСТІ

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The evolution of public architectural objects from antiquity to modernity is an important topic for understanding the transformation of public space, which serves not only the needs of functional use, but also cultural, social and political development. Since ancient times, public buildings have been key elements of the urban environment, where citizens have the opportunity to exchange ideas, participate in public events and form the identity of the community. Today, when cities are developing at a rapid pace, the issue of the architecture of public spaces is becoming increasingly relevant, because it must not only meet the needs of modern society, but also preserve the historical heritage and national identity. The relevance of studying the evolution of public architectural objects is due to the need to understand how different historical eras influenced the formation and functioning of public spaces, which ultimately reflected in the cultural landscape of modernity. The current interest in the topic of the evolution of public architectural objects is due not only to scientific, but also to practical demands of urbanism. Issues of inclusiveness, environmental sustainability, and multifunctionality are increasingly being considered when designing new public spaces that must meet the expectations and needs of different social groups. The purpose of the article is to analyze transformations in public architecture in the context of cultural, political, and economic factors that determined its development over the centuries. Modern public architecture emphasizes multifunctionality, inclusiveness, and sustainability, often integrating cultural, social, and recreational functions. Thus, the evolution of public architectural buildings shows how architecture adapts to new social realities, shaping a cultural landscape that preserves historical heritage while reflecting contemporary aspirations for innovation, accessibility, and sustainability.