Последний платоник: жизненный путь протоиерея Александра Михайловича Иванцова-Платонова

The article analyzes B. F. Porshnev’s approach to the history of Early Christianity. Based on the study of the published and unpublished works of the Soviet scientist, the author establishes that B. F. Porshnev had a goal to add the history of Early Christianity into the general context of the class struggle, considering it the ideological basis of the anti-slavery revolution that shook the Roman Empire in the first centuries of CE. However, the attempt to present Christianity as a revolutionary force and its founder as a hero of a people’s movement contradicted the general Soviet approach to the history of this religion. In the 1960s, B. F. Porshnev questioned the version of the dating of the “Apocalypse” that dominated Soviet historiography and criticized the theory of the anti-slavery revolution. B. F. Porshnev heavily relied on R. Yu. Wipper and A. Robertson’s ideas, which other Soviet scientists criticized. For the above reasons, B. F. Porshnev’s articles on the history of Early Christianity were banned from publishing, and colleagues criticized his conclusions. After 1965, he lost interest in the history of Early Christianity due to the completion of his goal to build a theory of the development of the class struggle from antiquity to the present and add the history of Early Christianity to this grand scheme.

Book Review| December 01 1998 Q and the History of Early Christianity: Studies on Q Q and the History of Early Christianity: Studies on Q, Christopher M. Tuckett. Stephen J. Patterson Stephen J. Patterson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1998) 117 (4): 744–746. https://doi.org/10.2307/3266653 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Stephen J. Patterson; Q and the History of Early Christianity: Studies on Q. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 January 1998; 117 (4): 744–746. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3266653 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Die Urgemeinde und das Judenchristentum

This substantial and important volume, which covers a period from the first to the fifth century (Chalcedon) is essential for anyone interested in the archaeology and history of early Christianity in Asia Minor. Evidence is meticulously assembled and intelligently presented. It will be a prime resource for anyone studying the history of Christianity in Asia Minor for years to come. The methodological underpinning of this study is based on Harnack’s foundational observations on the importance of regionalism. Thus, the geography both physical and social provides the parameters of the range of evidence reviewed. While the volume is titled very correctly in terms of this geography (and Section 1.3 provides a thorough overview), we may wonder if this may mean that some scholars of Christian origins and the early church may miss its significance, since ‘the Lycus Valley’ prior to this study has not been an area that many historians of the early church immediately recognized by name. Perhaps if the study had been entitled as being about ‘south-western Phrygia’ it might have helped situate the sites conceptually. Nevertheless, Huttner’s study itself has put the region on our mental map.

The history of early Christianity is of continuing significance and interest to a sizable portion of the world's population. This study focuses on the history of Christianity in Egypt from its earliest recorded origins to the Council of Chalcedon in 451 CE, when the Eyptian Coptic Church became a national religion because of its separation from the Catholic University. Within this time period, one can observe the development of features unique to Egyptian Christianity, the imposition of Catholic ecclesiasticism in Alexandria and southward, and the presence of forces which would lead to the establishment of a national religion. This study should contribute to an increased understanding of early Egyptian Christian history and the manner in which that religion was dispersed in other countries, as well as to the general history of early Christianity.

The fourth century c.e. saw the death of the ancient world and the birth of the medieval. Pagan temples crumbled through disuse, while Christian churches sprang up around the fledgling Holy Roman Empire. The emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity changed history: pagans blamed the decline and fall of the Roman Empire on Christianity, but Christians explained events differently.The church history written by of Constantinople is one of the most important sources, Eastern or Western, pagan or Christian, for these complex centuries. Socrates of Constantinople: Historian of Church and is the first detailed study of Socrates' history--it describes the historical situation in which he wrote his work, and it pulls together all the personal information available about the author. The volume then examines Socrates' own work: how it was composed, which sources were used and how, and it looks at the relationship between Socrates' work and other church histories. It goes on to consider Socrates' attitudes towards bishops, emperors, and their enemies.Socrates is sometimes dismissed by modern scholars for being a poor ecclesiastical historiographer. However, Theresa Urbainczyk carefully demonstrates Socrates' theory of causation, which affected the way he wrote his history, and she argues that he introduced secular material deliberately. In his view arguments and division in the church caused trouble in the state. In other words, when church leaders quibbled over theology, they endangered the state. It was therefore their duty, for the sake of church and state, to unite--under the emperor. This study not only calls on scholars to reexamine of Constantinople but makes the wider arguments that the ancients were far less concerned with genre than are modern scholars, and that ecclesiastical history is a continuation of, not a deviation from, political history.Socrates of Constantinople: Historian of Church and State be of interest to students and scholars interested in late Roman and early Christian history, theology, and historiography. Anyone studying late antiquity will find an examination of Socrates' attitudes essential.Theresa Urbainczyk is College Lecturer in the Department of Classics, University College, Dublin.

I. The Crisis of the Historical and Theological Criteria.Already Walter Bauer, well known as a lexicographer, but unfortunately little known as a historian of the Ancient Church, in his ingenious monograph Rechtgläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Christentum (1934), had demonstrated convincingly that such Christian groups which were later labelled “heretical,” actually dominated in the first two or three centuries, both geographically and theologically. Recent discoveries, especially those of Nag Hammadi in Upper Egypt, have made it definitely clear that Walter Bauer was essentially right and that a thorough and extensive re-evaluation of early Christian history is called for.

As was the case with episcopacy, the evidence of scripture and the history of the early church were central to both defences and criticisms of ceremonial practice. Conformists sought to differentiate between the ceremonies of the English Church and the ceremonies described in scripture and the history of early Christianity. In addition to arguing that there was no necessary link between the two, they suggested that the Church held the power to establish ceremonial practices it deemed edifying, but yet were adiaphora . These arguments defined a church based partly in scripture and partly on ‘custom’ and the example of history; the Church was partly spiritual and partly temporal, and in its temporal aspect it could be shaped by the design of human agents. Reformists promoted a view of an institution derived from scripture and emulating it perfectly in all forms of rites and governance – a spiritual association. Hence, they stressed the perfection of the ‘first institution’ – the church established by Christ and handed to the Apostles. Writers like Henry Ainsworth condemned their opponents for reproaching ‘the faith and witnesses’ of the true church, and sought reform governed by its example. They maintained that the ceremonial practice of the English Church should be based on that described in scripture, and confirmed by the practice of the Apostolic church. Clearly, then, the reformist stance on ceremonial practice was rooted in a firm sense of historical understanding.

This article is dedicated to the Institute of the Roman Episcopate. When studying this topic, it often takes on tendentiousness and ideological shades, which contradicts the principles of scientific objectivity. At the same time, the period in the history of the Roman episcopate before the ecclesiastical schism of 1054 often remains without due attention. Meanwhile, this period is very diverse and filled with the spiritual exploits and large-scale intellectual work of the Roman bishops, some of whom are revered as saints in both Orthodoxy and Catholicism. The most famous of them (but far from the only ones) are Leo I Great and Gregory I Dvoeslov. Let us emphasize that before the Edict of Milan in 313, almost all Roman bishops suffered martyrdom due to the persecution of Christians that unfolded in the Roman Empire in the first three centuries of our era. At the same time, the bishops of Rome, in addition to the issues of the physical survival of the community, had to resist heresies, schismatic tendencies, maintain the correctness of worship and promote the growth of the moral consciousness of Christians. There are very few written sources about the life of the Roman bishops in the history of early Christianity, which complicates the study of this topic and leaves many blank spots, nevertheless it gives a special flavor to this scientific study.

Reviewed by: Early Christianity in Lycaonia and Adjacent Areas: From Paul to Amphilochius of Iconium by Cilliers Breytenbach and Christiane Zimmermann Sabine R. Huebner Cilliers Breytenbach and Christiane Zimmermann Early Christianity in Lycaonia and Adjacent Areas: From Paul to Amphilochius of Iconium Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity, Vol. 101; Early Christianity in Asia Minor Leiden: Brill, 2017 Pp. xxx + 977. eBook: $314.00; Hardcover: $345.00. This is a book about early Christians, however, not about the usual martyrs, saints, or bishops in the great centers of the ancient world, but ordinary Christians in a backwater province of the Roman Empire. In a history from below, crossing the disciplines between New Testament studies, church history, social history, and Greek epigraphy, Breytenbach and Zimmermann are investigating the spread and expansion of Christianity in Lycaonia. Lycaonia was a rough, infertile, and mountainous region in the interior of Asia Minor on the Anatolian plateau. It was visited by the apostle Paul probably traveling along the great highroad across Anatolia, the Via Sebaste. There he is said to have founded the first congregations of Christians. Over the next century, Lycaonia became one of the first strongholds of Christianity, with the earliest inscriptions referring to Christians dating to the second century c.e. The book carries a hefty price tag with EUR €299.00 or USD $345.00 for the hardcover version, but its nearly 1,000 pages with thirteen maps and sixty-five figures are packed with detailed original scholarship of great interest for both an academic audience and the general reader, as the information is always presented in an accessible manner. The impressive volume offering a regional approach to the early expansion of Christianity is coauthored by two internationally leading experts in the field: Cilliers Breytenbach, who is Professor of literature, history, and religion of Early Christianity at Humboldt-Universität Berlin and Christiane Zimmermann, Professor of history, theology, and literature of the New Testament at Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel. For many years, Breytenbach devoted his research to the earliest testimonies of Christianity among the epigraphic evidence from Asia Minor. Zimmermann's research focuses on the expansion of Christianity in the first Christian centuries on the basis of literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources. Both joined forces several years ago in the Berlin Excellence Cluster 264 TOPOI; their subproject (B-III-2) "The organization of diversity in the ecclesiastic [End Page 325] space of antiquity" also created a database of early Christian inscriptions from Asia Minor and Greece (http://repository.edition-topoi.org/collection/ICG). The result of their collaboration is an impressive achievement, the first detailed survey of the rise and expansion of Christianity in ancient Lycaonia and adjacent areas, from Paul the apostle to the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Following in the footsteps of Ramsay, Harnack, and Calder, Breytenbach and Zimmermann map the expansion of Christianity in the region of Lycaonia. The study is mainly based on the epigraphic evidence, above all, hundreds of funerary inscriptions from Lycaonia and adjacent areas, as the literary and archaeological sources are sparse. It shifts the focus away from the imperial elites to ordinary people, local city councilors, clergy men and women, craftsmen, and peasants who proclaimed their Christian identity (among many other identities) on their tombstones for posterity. The first chapter discusses previous scholarship, followed by a presentation of the sources for the spread of Christianity covering the literary, epigraphic, and archeological evidence. Space is also devoted to discussing the pervasive difficulties that every scholar of early Christianity is acutely aware of: how to identify Christians especially then when these Christians were embedded into a socio-cultural setting from which their customs differed very little. The second chapter is devoted to the political and administrative landscape of the province of Roman Lycaonia, and the history of events from the age of Augustus to the mid-fifth century c.e. Chapter Three treats the apostle Paul's travels through Lycaonia and his potential impact on the rise of Christianity, as well as Christian naming practices in this region. Chapter Four sets out the expansion of Christianity in Lycaonia, grouping the evidence geographically (as far as this is possible, as many stones were not found...

Book Review: II. Church History: Pauline and other Studies in Early Christian History

arkus Vinzent's lengthy and important book opens with an ambitious seventy-six-page 'Methodological Introduction' with a bibliography listing around items.The primary target of this sometimes diffuse discussion is a linear approach to 'church history' that begins with 'the early church' and proceeds through predictable stages (Middle Ages, Reformation, Enlightenment, or whatever) towards Modernity and the Present.Vinzent's 'retrospective' model aims to put this into reverse.We should start with our own present and work our way back towards the early church.In the book as a whole, four case studies seek to demonstrate the merits of such an approach.Two of Vinzent's four studies are concerned with material objects and with the complex processes of reconstruction and reinterpretation that underlie their present display in the Vatican's Museo Pio Cristiano and Bibliotheca Apostolica respectively.The first is purportedly a tombstone in which a second-century bishop of Hieropolis named Abercius identifies himself as 'citizen of a chosen city' and 'the disciple of a holy shepherd who pastures flocks of sheep on mountains and on plains'.He proceeds to boast of his visit to Rome and Syria, led by faith and enjoying a constant supply of large fish drawn from a fountain and (Christ-wine?)mixed with bread.At least that is what the early twentieth-century reconstruction of the tombstone has him say, based on the interpretative efforts of the Scottish archaeologist William Ramsay, supported by the formidable scholarly prestige of J. B. Lightfoot in England, Theodor Zahn in Germany, and Giovanni Battista de Rossi in Rome.The reality, painstakingly uncovered by Vinzent, is that the full inscription is found only in a legendary sixth-century Vita Abercii and that it coincides in part with inscriptions on two separate tombstone fragments discovered in the vicinity of Hieropolis (not Hierapolis).In one of these it is not Abercius but an Alexander who describes himself as 'citizen of a chosen city', while the travelogue and its reference to fish is found in the other.It is M cxxii

Авторы рецензируемой книги — известные немецкие библеисты, профессора Тюбингенского университета Мартин Хенгель (1926–2009) и Анна Мария Швемер (р. 1942). Книга является продолжением труда этих же авторов — вышедшей на немецком языке в 2007 г. и изданной в русском переводе в 2016 г. книги «Иисус и иудаизм». Вместе «Иисус и иудаизм» и «Первоцерковь и иудеохристианство» рассматриваются авторами как первые два тома четырёхтомного проекта-эпопеи «История раннего христианства». Рецензия на первый том («Иисус и иудаизм») написана в 2020 г. преподавателем Московской духовной академии священником А. Выдриным и опубликована в «Богословском вестнике»; соответственно, наша рецензия будет посвящена второму тому этого фундаментального труда. [...] The authors of the reviewed book are well—known German Biblical scholars, professors of the University of Tübingen Martin Hengel (1926-2009) and Anna Maria Schwemer (b. 1942). The book is a continuation of the work of the same authors, which was published in German in 2007 and published in Russian translation in 2016. The book "Jesus and Judaism". Together, "Jesus and Judaism" and "The First Church and Judeo-Christianity" are considered by the authors as the first two volumes of the four-volume epic project "The History of Early Christianity". The review of the first volume ("Jesus and Judaism") was written in 2020 by a teacher at the Moscow Theological Academy, Priest A. It was published by Vydrin in the Theological Bulletin; accordingly, our review will be devoted to the second volume of this fundamental work. [...]

Stephen J. Shoemaker’s excellent study of the emergence of Marian piety ‘within the history of early Christianity’ (1–2) shifts the focus from doctrine to active devotion to the Virgin Mary between...

A New History of Early Christianity – By Charles Freeman