АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ ВИДОВ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КОРЕННЫХ НАРОДОВ СЕВЕРА

Abstract

The article analyzes modern approaches to the traditional economy of the indigenous peoples of the North based on the analysis of the Finnish, Norwegian and Canadian traditional economies. There are major transformations in the traditional economy that are characteristic of today's indigenous communities. Two basic models can be distinguished: Norwegian and Canadian. The Norwegian model is characterized by state funding of the traditional reindeer herding of the Saami, but at the same time the Saami themselves do not have large economic resources and do not have significant political influence in the local and regional space of Norway. The Canadian model is characterized by the presence of investment funds that are formed in the interests of improving the welfare of the indigenous peoples of northern Canada. The proceeds from these funds are used by Canadian Indigenous communities to develop all forms of local and regional economies where these communities live. As a result, their economic well-being increases, and gradually they acquire more and more economic and political influence in their places of traditional residence. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the conclusions that can be drawn by analyzing the factors affecting the traditional reindeer husbandry on the example of Finland. An important question remains unresolved: is the modern reindeer herding of indigenous peoples a traditional economic activity, or has the threshold already been passed, and indigenous peoples are implementing not traditional, but other economic practices? To answer this question, local and regional studies of groups of factors that affect the traditional economy of the northern peoples in a given territory are needed. These factors will vary greatly. And, accordingly, the characteristics of the new economic practices that the indigenous peoples of the North are implementing today will also differ.