Самореализация лиц с атипичным развитием: сравнительный анализ нозологических групп

Abstract

This study aims to define the specifics of self-realization of persons with atypical development of various nosologies. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of individuals with typical (n=232; M=26.34±13.47 y.o.) and atypical development (n=177; M=28.89±18.16 y.o.) are presented. The sample includes the following nosological groups: visual impairment (n=15), hearing impairment (n=9), musculoskeletal disorders (n=27), intellectual impairment (n=81), the presence of disabling diseases (n=45). The methodological tools included the Personality Self-Realization Judgment Test (S.I. Kudinov, 2012); semi-structured interview to study the characteristics, barriers, resources of self-realization. The specificity of self-realization of persons with atypical development was revealed by comparing these persons with atypical development and a group of normatively developing respondents. Persons with hearing impairment are more external, but less active in self-realization. Persons with impaired vision are more passive in self-realization, more often they consider it ineffective. Persons with musculoskeletal disorders are more pessimistic about self-realization, more socially oriented, recognize the dependence of self-realization on circumstances, but they consider it unique. Persons with disabling diseases strive less for self-realization in a personal sense, feel less potential for self-realization and optimism in relation to it; we noted less pronounced social-corporate attitudes and creativity of self-realization. Persons with intellectual disabilities are less likely to seek personal and professional/educational self-realization, demonstrate less activity and internality of efforts, evaluate it as less effective and unique, but they evaluate the methods used as non-standard. Differences in the success of self-realization in the professional and educational spheres are revealed. The circumstances of the external environment are the dominant barrier in individuals with atypical development. The main resource of self-realization is social support. Significant differences in subjective assessments of the success of self-realization in various spheres of life in different nosological groups were noted in the field of professional/educational self-realization.