ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОМПОНЕНТНОГО СОСТАВА АВЕНИНОВ ОВСА, ВОЗДЕЛЫВАЕМОГО В ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

Abstract

Background. In the environments of Western Siberia, oat is one of the main cultivated cereals. Six varieties of common oat are included in the State Register for Tyumen Province: 'Perona', 'Megion', 'Tyumensky Golozerny', 'Talisman', 'Otrada' and 'Foma'. Currently, not only traditional methods of breeding are used for the development of new cultivars of intensive type in Tyumen Province, but also biochemical markers - prolamins. The aim of the research was to study the component composition of avenins and allelic status of avenin-coding loci in common oat varieties cultivated in Tyumen Province as well as to identify alleles specific to the region. Materials and methods . For laboratory analysis we used 100 kernels selected at random from each of the oat varieties. Electrophoretic separation of avenin was carried out on vertical plates of polyacrylamide gel. Results and conclusion . The varieties 'Perona', 'Talisman', 'Foma' and 'Tyumensky Golozerny' were found to be homogeneous in their avenin component composition, while 'Megion' and 'Otrada' included two biotypes with a 2:1 ratio. Their heterogeneity is determined by the presence of two allelic variants controlled by the Avn A locus. Clustering by the UPGMA method showed that the studied varieties were divided into two clusters. The first cluster included 'Tyumensky Golozerny' and 'Megion', while the second harbored 'Perona', 'Talisman', 'Otrada' and 'Foma'. The genetic distance between the varieties 'Talisman' and 'Perona' was zero, and their avenin formulas coincided: Avn A4 B4 C2. The identity of their storage protein spectra is due to the fact that these allelic variants of prolamin component blocks are linked to valuable economic and adaptive features. Blocks of the components А4, В4, С1 and С2 prevail in the frequency of occurrence in the spectra of the investigated varieties. These blocks can act as markers of gene associations with adaptive significance and economic value. Thus, when performing breeding work in Tyumen Province, it is necessary to pay attention to oat varieties whose prolamin spectra contain the aforementioned blocks of avenin components.