РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЛОГОПЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ДІТЯМ ІЗ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Abstract

The scientific article is devoted to the problem of speech therapeutic assistance which must be given to the children with the disorders of the intellectual development in the chronological aspect. Thus, the article comprises the research works of scientists from different fields who dealt with the studying children with the intellectual disorders and with another variants of disorder of their development, starting since the 19th century today: E. Segen, J. Demor, K. Grachova, J. Philipp, P. Honkur, G. Sukhareva, M. Khavatcev, G. Kashem, D. Orlova, V. Lebkovsky, V. Tishenko, etc. The pedagogical approach prevailed within the science during the 19th century (organization of educational system for the children with the intellectual disorders). At the beginning of the 20th century the medical problems of the intellectual mal-development began to be studied actively. Until 1913 it was realized the private treatment-education help to children with the serious problems of development. This help was conducted for high material payments. But the increasing amount of children with the intellectual disorders gave the impulse for the establishment of the state assisting classes. These classes had various schemes of education. 1931st is very important for the history when the People, when People's Commissariat of Education issued an order about the introduction of general compulsory education of “ mentally retarded children and adolescents” who suffer from the speech disorders. Since this period has been started the united, common work doctors, pedagogues and psychologists. Their work was directed on the development of speech activity of children with the disorders of the intellectual development. Since the late 80-s till the beginning of the 20th century there were conducted research woks which were devoted to the peculiarities of the regulatory function of speech during the intellectual disorders. At the beginning of 1990-s V.Tishenko implemented the psycholinguistic approach to the studying of the speech function of children with intellectual disorders. This gave the possibility to separate the intellectual component of the speech activity and to ground the verbal actions and sign operations, which provide the mastering and using of speech. The research work of V.Tishenko confirmed the legitimacy of the separation of the intellectual component within the speech activity. Key words: disorder of intellectual development, history of Speech Therapy, psycholinguistic component, special school.