ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА (КОНЕЦ ХХ – НАЧАЛО ХХI В.)

Abstract

The article is concerned with the issues of socio-economic development of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan at the present stage. The analysis of the current state of the national socio-political sphere is preceded by a short excursus into Kyrgyzstan’s history, with an emphasis on analyzing the causes of the economic crisis of the early 1990s, identifying national approaches to stabilization and examining local specifics of the transition from the command economy to market one. The author also underlines the close interconnection between economic and (ethno)political processes in the newly independent states and, based on that point, examines the economic consequences of the coups d’état in Kyrgyzstan, the dominance of the clan system and the division of Kyrgyz political elites into “northern” and “southern” ones, the policy of prevarication repeatedly resorted to by Kyrgyz leaders who were forced to seek compromise between different pressure groups inside and outside the country, etc. In order to emphasize the importance of cross-national and inter-ethnic relations for stable economic development, the author lists the risk factors that Kyrgyzstan has to face (conflicts between the Kyrgyz and ethnic Uzbeks in the Osh region, armed confrontations over the shortage of water resources on the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, etc.).