Особенности режима осушения длительно сезонно-мерзлотных торфяных почв Западной Сибири

Abstract

As a result of perennial (1980–2018) field and lysimetric studies, it was found that soil moisture in the presence of permafrost is determined by the amount of moisture consumed by soil and plants for evaporation, on the one hand, and the amount of precipitation in the spring and summer period thicker, on the other. The optimal depth of the groundwater table for the south of the Tyumen region lies within: annual grasses – 0,9–1,1, perennial grasses – 0,7–0,8 m. In order to eliminate the accumulation of excess moisture in the groundwater level from the end of the effective period in the frozen layer before the beginning of freezing, air temperatures are reduced to 1,6–2 m and maintained at this depth until spring snowmelt. During the period of snowmelt, they do not dump the melt water, but use it to raise groundwater to a depth of 0,8–1,1 m and maintain this level until the end of the effective air temperature period. The required depth of the groundwater table is ensured by using drainage in the marshes of low floodplain terraces and open channels on the peatlands of the watersheds.