Значение прооймиев в диалогах Платона на примере прооймия диалога «Парменид»

One feature especially associated with certain Alexandrian Jewish works namely, the Letter of Aristeas, the fragments of Aristobulus, and the writings of Philo - is the allegorical interpretation of Scripture. In fact, in the eyes of at least one scholar, allegorical interpretation itself was an important vehicle of expression for the attitudes of Jews toward their surroundings. This chapter begins by clarifying our understanding of allegorical interpretation and our specific questions about Jewish identity. Moreover, to explain the something else that the Bible is referring to, an interpreter might draw upon a variety of fields such as Platonic metaphysics, Stoic ethics, or practical wisdom. Thus, allegorical interpretation in its singular form does not describe a one of- a-kind approach and it may be more appropriate to speak of allegorical interpretations in the plural. The various allegorical interpretations can be found in the Allegorical Commentary and the Life of Moses . Keywords: allegorical interpretation; Aristobulus; Jews; Life of Moses; Philo; Platonic metaphysics; practical wisdom; Scripture

This article examines the evolution of medieval interpretations of the myth of Narcissus (Ovid, The Metamorphoses, Book III) in French literature of the first half of the 16th century. Jeanne Flore in the “Comptes amoureux” develops the courtesan interpretation of the myth, in which Narcissus, who rejects Cupid’s omnipotence, is combined with the figure of Belle dame sans mercy. In the tradition of moral and allegorical commentary, the young man in love with himself served as a symbol of hubris excessively immersed in worldly goods; in the mid-century, this tradition changed under the influence of humanism: with François Habert and Barthélémy Aneau the story of Narcissus illustrates the maxim “know thyself.” Reception of the Metamorphoses in the Middle Ages implied a fragmentation of the text of the poem: the courtly interpretation referred to its separate subjects, while the allegorical interpretation transformed it into a list of symbolic characters with a stable independent meaning and into a set of didactic maxims of a universal character. During the Renaissance, literati seek to restore the coherence of Ovid’s text. This tendency is embodied not only in new translations (by Clément Marot, F. Habert, B. Aneau) but also, paradoxically, within the genre of the emblem. The “Metamorphose d’Ovide figurée” inherits the medieval florilegiums and transforms the tradition of illuminated manuscripts: on the one hand, it replaces the text of the poem with a series of engravings, while, on the other, its emblems arrangement recreates the unity of the poem. Ovid’s emblematic treatment embodies Horace’s principle of ut pictura poesis.

RATKO Maryna – Candidate of Pedagogic al Sciences, A ssociate P rofessor of the Theory and Methodology of Music Education and Choreography Department, Melitopol Bohdan Khmelnytsky State Pedagogical University, Hetmanska str., 20, Melitopol, 72300, Ukraine ( irma.zaharova2018@gmail.com ) ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2155 ResearcherID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/L-5405-2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.7/39.133262 To cite this article: Ratko, M. (2018). Metodoloho-instrumentalni zasady vykhovannia svitohliadnykh uiavlen starshoklasnykiv u protsesi osvoiennia tsinnostei khudozhnoi kultury [Мethodological and instrumental principles of the senior school students’ worldview formation in the process of development values of art and culture]. Liudynoznavchi studii. Seriia «Pedahohika» – Human Studies. Series of «Pedagogy», 7/39, 211–223. doi: 10.24919/2313-2094.7/39.133262 [in Ukrainian]. Article history Received: 3 May 2018 Received in revised form: 7 June 2018 Accepted: 10 July 2018 Available online: 12 September 2018 Abstract. The article covers the problem of spiritual and ideological upbringing of pupils in the process of comprehension of artistic works that typologically belong to the different artistic systems ‒ classical culture, avant-garde, postmodern. The urgency of an appeal to this problem is conditioned by civilization shifts of the period of the end of the Modern Age and the necessity to preserve an individual and national identity in conditions of a strengthening global control over the psycho-sphere. The conceptual idea of the research consists in the necessity of analysis and interpretation of the values of artistic culture in accordance with the specifics of their creation and arte-being – mimetism, immetism, playing essence. Accordingly, we have identified the basic principles of educational work – cultural conformity, subjectivity, ontological principle; the pedagogical conditions for ensuring the effectiveness of the process of upbringing of the senior pupils’ worldview which concerning the assimilation of their interpretive directives for the comprehension of texts with implicit and explicit «openness» of artistic and ideological content (mimetic, non-mimetic and playing essence) are formulated. In this study the methods of analysis and interpretation of artistic works are specified and classified. Among them are the methods that relate to an «inner» side of a text (semiotic, semi-symbolic semiosis, pneumatic ‒ for the mimetic works; meditative-associative and post-adequacy ‒ for the non-mimic compositions; deconstruction, happening ‒ for the playing artistic phenomena); the methods related to «external» links of a text (sociological, historical-cultural, biographical, creative-genetic, comparative, study of critical literature ‒ for the mimetic, partially non-mimetic and playing systems). We have developed and implemented the algorithms for mastering the works of art and the schemes of analysis in particular. Thus, for the semi-figurative visual arts the analytical scheme based on the semi-symbolic semiosis method is proposed; this scheme involves the definition of the plan of a text’s content, the description of the plan of «expression», the comparison of the content of the two plans and the derivation of the general meaning of the work. For the non-mimetic texts belonging to the transcendental system, the algorithm is developed that includes: emphasizing the attention of senior pupils on the peculiarities of the creative method of artists; the setting for entry to irrational artistic worlds at the level of a «revelation»; immersion in the text; the experience of an internal act of the transition to spiritual «world»; post-adequacy of a content (both in verbal and visual forms). Acknowledgments. Sincere thanks to librarian staff at Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, in particular Inna Matviyenko for her assistance. Funding. The author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

This article deals with the phenomenon of historical memory deformation in European political class and mainstream media over the past 35 years, namely since the beginning of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the reunification of Germany. On the basis of the theoretical principles of major scholars – Halbwachs, Adorno, – as well as on the basis of practical calculations, the author derives the thesis about the deep deformation of historical memory in Europe, as well as about the selectivity in its application. Ignoring the genocide of Russian population in Donbass, Serbian population in Bosnia, Krajina and Slavonia, Western politicians nevertheless accuse Russia and Serbia of violating democracy, genocide, imperial ambitions and so on. The author concludes that the creeping militarization and fascistization of the liberal-democratic model in Europe may lead to the construction of a kind of dictatorship model, which he calls democracy – an outwardly democratic construct with a very strictly totalitarian content. Deformation of historical memory is an element of its informational and ideological content. In fact, this trend represents a pronounced process of socio-political regression.

In the current era, electromagnetic radiation is everywhere. Every day electromagnetic radiation and static electricity caused by a variety of hazards. So, anti-electromagnetic radiation and anti-static awareness gradually enjoys popular support, more attention are gained by people on the anti-electromagnetic radiation and anti-static. This caused radiation protection and anti-static clothing industry’s rise by the day. Radiation protection and anti-static clothing will enter various households to provide a certain amount of protection to the people's health. We discuss two parts in this paper, specifically from the effects of the electromagnetic radiation and electrostatic effects which started on radiation clothing and anti-static clothing. The main contents of this paper are as follows: The first part of the definition of electromagnetic radiation and its brief introduction, while explaining the types of electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic radiation sources in daily lives, followed by the emphasis of serious harms on electromagnetic radiation on human health It is precisely because of electromagnetic radiation on people's lives have serious threat, that makes the development of radiation protection. This follows the basic introduction of the radiation suit and the development of radiation protection clothings. The development of radiation protection suits is an established industry. Materials made of radiation protection are constantly changing, but their basic working principle has not changed. Followed by the introduction of the basic principles of radiation protection clothings, we theoretically present specific analysis and demonstration. However, the theoretical analysis and practice is often consists a certain gap, so we highlight a few actual situations on the impact of radiation protection clothings. Finally, we present a simple discussion on wide range of applications of radiation protection clothings. The thought process of second part is similar as the first part, respectively, we introduce the health hazards and the impact on people's lives of electrostatic effect and static electricity . Followed by that it is the basic principles, relevant analysis and discussion of anti-static clothing Finally, we provide the detailed explanation of the application of anti-static clothing.

Are international relations scholars objective observers of political events, or do our political preferences influence the way in which we see the world? This article explores that question using data from a survey of international relations scholars. It develops and tests hypotheses about how we might expect adherents of particular paradigms to identify themselves politically on a left-right scale based on the resonance between the content of ideology and the key propositions of different schools of thought in IR. Although they are relatively centrist, I find that realists are the most conservative and right-leaning of international relations scholars, while Liberals are more liberal and left-leaning. Although neither approach has any intrinsic ontological content, rationalism and constructivism also have a distinct ideological profile, the former being more conservative than the latter. Post-positivist epistemological commitments are associated with the political left. More importantly, there is an interaction between ontology and epistemology. Positivism plays a role in breaking the link between political values and paradigm choice. Nonpositivists demonstrate the strongest connection between ideology and international relations approach. I consider the implications of these findings for the use of paradigms in international relations theorizing, arguing that they should make us more circumspect about the use of paradigms in our discipline. Do the political beliefs of those who study international relations affect their beliefs about international relations and the way they study them? Is there an association between the values that guide us in the voting booth and the approaches we adopt in our professional lives? Are we drawn to particular paradigms and epistemologies based on our underlying political opinions? In other words, is our research orientation to some degree ideological, part of an underlying structure of attitudes? Does our prescriptive and normative sense of politics at home influence our positive and empirical understandings about politics abroad? Survey data have indicated that the domestic and foreign policy beliefs at both the mass and elite levels are indeed related (Holsti and Rosenau 1988; Wittkopf 1990; Murray 1996). Is this true of international relations scholars as well? Many in the field would not be surprised to learn that our politics are connected to our political science. Critical theorists and postmodernists reject the notion of the ‘‘subject‐object distinction,’’ that is that international relations scholars can objectively observe and theorize about international politics independent of their values. Political orientation is likely one of those influences. These scholars typically employ post-positivist epistemologies in keeping with this belief. There is some evidence for the contention. In a remarkable book, Oren (2003) traces how the trends in political science and international relations scholarship in the United States are informed and affected by the historical context. Positivistically inclined scholars of international relations, however, would most likely object to this accusation. Although a contentious term, all notions of positivism imply a detached and objective analysis of our phenomena of interest. If there were such an influence, what would it be?

During the current and the previous two to three decades the volume of norms of national and international law regulating the field of security has grown evidently. In the Republic of Serbia alone there are around 300 laws and by-laws in force in this field. Despite the fact, domestic jurisprudence still does not show enough interest for a more comprehensive theoretical analysis of security issues. Some initial difficulties in that respect certainly lie in dilemmas concerning the theoretical scope of the complex concept of security. That motivated the author to offer his own contribution to the determination of this concept in legal theory. In the first part of the article, the author briefly points out the etymology of the general concept of security, the semantic issues and the historical development of theoretical foundation of the state's security function. This is followed by a more thorough analysis of modern legal aspects and determinants of the concept of security. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal determination of the concept of security. The central part of the article deals with the legal analysis of the narrower concepts of individual, national and international security, as well as their mutual conditionality. The author specifically points out the legal vagueness of the concept of human security and difficulties of legal scope of global security. Even though these concepts are highly appealing, human and global security are at the same time concepts eligible for abuse, as they can be used as instruments of the policy of power in a unipolar world. According to the author, there are at least four important aspects which complicate the determination of a more general concept of security which is of importance for the law. These aspects refer to (1) the ambiguity of this concept and its different legal use, (2) its constant evolution, (3) the constant broadening of the list of values which are to be protected on one side and the list of challenges, risks and threats to security on the other side, as well as to (4) the ideological content which is intensively introduced to the discussion on security and the laws regulating the field of security. As an initial definition of the concept of security which is of importance to the law, the author offers the following definition: In legal terms, security is the condition of absence of danger projected by the law and secured by the state by the legally regulated activity of its bodies and other subjects. Dangers relevant to security should have a certain level of significance, their own form of manifestation and the eligibility to endanger security and not to be abstract or quite insignificant. Such dangers are significant to the law only when they endanger the values determined in strategic documents and protected by the constitution and laws.

The China Effect:Democracy and Development in the 21st Century Obert Hodzi (bio) The basic tenets of democracy are under threat worldwide as governance and human rights re-emerge as sources of ideological contention between China and the United States. Freedom House reported that between 2005 and 2020, "the number of Free countries in the world reached its lowest level…while the number of Not Free countries reached its highest level."1 African countries are prominent in this ideological contention due to their political and economic proximity to both powers. The majority of countries that Freedom House found to have regressed are in Africa and, in particular, sub-Saharan Africa, where since 2010 there have been fourteen successful military coups, most recently in Chad, Mali, Guinea, and Sudan. In all these countries, militaries re-emerged as political players in the countries' governance, shrinking the space for civil society and civilian politics. Africa is not alone, however; democracy faced major setbacks from ultra-nationalism, populist regimes, threats to minority rights, and attacks on the freedom of the press even in European Union countries such as Hungary and Poland. At the core of these challenges to democracy and political freedom is the shifting balance of power from the West to China, suggesting a showdown between authoritarianism and democracy. Undoubtedly, the emergence of nondemocratic powers such as China that contest the assumption "democracy leads to development" adds new complexities to democracy's global crisis. In short, China's extraordinary economic growth illustrated the efficacy of a strong developmental state without political pluralism. Accordingly, as China increases its influence abroad—particularly in Africa—concern is rising in the West that "the share of international power held by highly industrialized democracies is dwindling as the clout of China, India, and other newly industrialized economies increases."2 As such, an [End Page 51] understanding of what and how exactly China's rise impacts democracy and development is necessary. The "China effect" on democracy and development is complex, in part because China does not seem to actively promote its governance and development model abroad. This approach is different from the United States and the EU, which promote democracy and human rights as part of their foreign policy, including as conditions for foreign aid and bilateral development assistance. Instead, China professes a policy of noninterference and makes no demands for states to align themselves with its norms or governance model, except to acknowledge the "one China" policy. This noninterference policy seemingly offers less to understand how China is challenging the global democratic hegemony and restructuring international development. This essay highlights China's strategies to expand its influence and how they are playing out in Africa. It examines the linkages between the rise of China, internal contradictions in the West, and the resolve in Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and Rwanda to implement alternative development and governance models. China is at the intersection of these factors. Although the essay focuses on China, it cautions against an exaggerated focus on China and the overestimation of Beijing's capacity to mold the world into China's own image; instead, it urges an agency-focused perspective to emphasize the strategic localization of nondemocratic political norms and practices by political elites in the three African countries—Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and Rwanda. These three states are examples of countries that strategically adopt a major power's policies and attractive example to extract benefits from that power. The essay concludes that China constitutes both a threat to democracy and sustainable economic development and at the same time an opportunity for refining redundant liberal norms and ideas. China's Influence Expansion Strategies Despite its extraordinary economic growth, China acknowledges that its military and economic power are insufficient to directly challenge the liberal international order, which underwrites the West's promotion of liberal democracy and the basic principles of international development. China also lacks the historical political connections to developing regions—and African countries in particular—possessed by the United States and European states such as France, the United Kingdom, and Belgium. However, China is pragmatic: it is using its economic capabilities [End Page 52] to create "parallel infrastructures of influence" to the Western-created global institutions, such as the grand...

This article explores the application of the socio-cultural theory proposed by L.S . Vygotsky, focusing on the principle of the unity between intellect and affectivity, within the context of teacher training in vocational-technical education. The theoretical analysis is conducted through the lens of K. Illeris' three-dimensional learning model, which integrates cognitive, affective, and social dimensions within the learning process. The article highlights how the model can be operationalized through specific teaching strategies and assessment tools tailored to the development of summative evaluation competencies in teachers. The study emphasizes the relevance of the model as a valuable conceptual framework for continuing education programs and suggests perspectives for expanding its applicability in diverse educational contexts, as well as for the development of innovative assessment tools adapted to the specific needs of vocational-technical education.

This article examines choreography in contemporary TV series as an integral component of the artistic media text, and a representational tool for transmitting cultural and ideological content through an expressive artistic language. The relevance of the study lies in the growing influence of audiovisual media on the formation of cultural memory and collective perceptions of social reality. The aim of the work is to identify the semiotic mechanisms that represent personal transformation, social inequality, cultural codes, and historical memory through choreographic episodes. The novelty lies in the interpretation of choreography as a non-verbal communication system that forms a multi-layered semantic field of the media text. The empirical base of the study consists of the TV series Flesh and Bone, Dance Academy, and Step Up: High Water. The methodological tools include semiotic, content-structural, comparative, and cultural-analytical methods. This approach allows to analyze the functions of choreography within the dramatic structure of the series and its role in building an emotional connection with the viewer. The results of the study show that choreography in its artistic form effectively conveys complex social discourses such as gender inequality, racism, creative pressure, and an inner struggle of the individual. It was found that dance scenes amplify the expressiveness of the drama, create emotional depth, and expand the communicative potential of the screen text. The practical value of the work is related to the possibility of using the findings in the creation of domestic television series that integrate elements of national choreography and represent cultural values for a wide audience.

The investigation of the dramatic principles of mystery or morality plays is not a novel task. Jerome Taylor’s “The Dramatic Structure of the Middle European Corpus Christi, or Cycle, Plays,” Richard J. Collier’s Poetry and Drama in the York Corpus Christi Play, and Robert Potter’s The English Morality Play: Origins, History, and Influence of a Dramatic Tradition are just a few examples of the critical interest in the dramatic aspects of the medieval drama, whether associated with staging, the function of poetry, plot structure, or ideological content. My investigation of the dramatic will focus on the role of allegory in creating both the artistic unity and dramatic tension necessary to sustain the attention of the audience. I do not assume that allegory is the sole foundation of the medieval drama, nor do I try to ignore the fact that allegory has quite obviously been studied in the case of morality plays. Instead, I propose to focus on the role of allegory in the creation of a certain dramatic tension by means of the via negativa. In other words, establishing the reality of a given play and its spiritual impact by means of a skillfully applied interplay between allegorical representation of the obviously true and the allegorical representation of the obviously false adds dramatic quality to the medieval plays.

Intensification of manufacturing processes and expansion of usability envelopes of modern components and structures in many cases result in dynamic loading regimes that cannot be resented adequately employing quasi-static formulations of respective problems of solid mechanics. Specific features of dynamic deformation, damage and fracture processes are linked to various factors, most important among them being: a transient character of load application; complex scenarios of propagation, attenuation and reflection of stress waves in real materials, components and structures; strain-rate sensitivity of materials properties; various thermo-mechanical regimes. All these factors make both experimental characterisation and theoretical (analytical and numerical) analysis of dynamic deformation and fracture rather challenging; for instance, besides dealing with a spatial realisation of these processes, their evolution with time should be also accounted for.To meet these challenges, an International Symposium on Dynamic Deformation and Fracture of Advanced Materials D2FAM 2013 was held on 9–11 September 2013 in Loughborough, UK. Its aim was to bring together specialists in mechanics of materials, applied mathematics, physics, continuum mechanics, materials science as well as various areas of engineering to discuss advances in experimental and theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations of dynamic mechanical phenomena. Some 50 papers presented at the Symposium by researchers from 12 countries covered various topics including: high-strain-rate loading and deformation; dynamic fracture; impact and blast loading; high-speed penetration; impact fatigue; damping properties of advanced materials; thermomechanics of dynamic loading; stress waves in micro-structured materials; simulation of failure mechanisms and damage accumulation; processes in materials under dynamic loading; a response of components and structures to harsh environment. The materials discussed at D2FAM 2013 ranged from traditional ones such as metals, alloys, polymers and composites to advanced and emerging materials, such as foams, cellular materials and metallic glasses, as well as bio-materials. Within the framework of the Symposium, a Special Session 'Parametric Resonance, Vibro-impact and Related Phenomena' was organised by partners of the FP7 IAPP project PARM-2: 'Vibro-impact machines based on parametric resonance: Concepts, mathematical modelling, experimental verification and implementation.' The Session focused on the topics, directly related to the project: excitation, stabilization, control and applications of parametric resonance (PR); multiple degrees of freedom of PR-excited systems; basic principles of PR-based macro and micro tools; design and technological aspects of PR-based machines; vibro-assisted machining; fatigue under high-amplitude vibro-impact conditions and corresponding optimal design; localisation near defects in dynamic response of elastic lattices and structures; dispersive waves and dynamic fracture in non-uniform lattice systems; thermally induced surface-breaking cracks, etc.This issue presents a selection of research papers presented at the International Symposium on Dynamic Deformation and Fracture of Advanced Materials D2FAM 2013. The Symposium Organisers would like to acknowledge its sponsors: Institute of Physics, International Centre of Vibro-Impact Systems and Marie Curie Action: Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways of the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Commission (PARM-2 consortium). The PARM-2 consortium sponsored twenty scholarships for early-stage researchers to participate in this Symposium.

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) has been widely adopted in smart cities, smart homes, and industrial automation due to its low power consumption, wide coverage, low cost, and high reliability. However, the associated security issues have become a critical factor hindering its further development. This paper aims to explore the security challenges in NB-IoT communication networks using encryption algorithms. Through theoretical analysis and model construction, a comprehensive security solution is proposed. Initially, the paper reviews the fundamental principles and application scenarios of NB-IoT, analyzing the current challenges in network security, including data leakage, device tampering, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Subsequently, a security framework based on lightweight encryption algorithms is introduced, leveraging the strengths of both symmetric and asymmetric encryption to ensure security while reducing computational and communication overheads. Additionally, the application of blockchain technology in NB-IoT security is discussed, enhancing data credibility and system resilience against attacks through its decentralized nature. Theoretical derivations and simulation analyses confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed security framework. The results demonstrate that this framework significantly enhances the security performance of NB-IoT networks, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the secure development of IoT.

This work presents some basic principles concerned with two general settings for stable approximating orthogonal generalized inverses in Hilbert spaces. In these two settings, perfect convergence and perfect uniform convergence are two important concepts for making theoretical or numerical analysis. Our basic principles characterize the two important concepts by some necessary conditions: stability with other compensated conditions. These basic principles include as simple corollaries some well-known results.

Printing machinery’s reliability is one of the most important index parameter and good dynamic characteristics are essential for high speed printing press. The dynamic characteristic is predictable for printing machine with dynamic design. With the complexity of printing technique and printing machine, information, such as load on components is lack, leading to the difficulty of dynamic model solving and further more the dynamic parameters needs to be verified. Firstly, according to the dynamic design method, a dynamic design process based on measuring information for printing machine was put forward. Secondly, on the basis of principle and structure analysis to typical printing machine, dynamic characteristics measurement item and method was determined. With a wallboard of a two-color offset press acting as an example, the utilizing method was illustrated through dynamic modeling, theoretical model analysis, experiment model analysis based on vibration measurement and comparing the theoretical and experimental results. Finally, a Dynamic Design Assistant Platform based Vibration Measurement for Printing Machine was developed and had been used in 10 kinds of printing machine measurement and analysis. The conclusion shows that the tolerance of the theoretical model analysis results and experiment results is allowed. A new approach for new printing machine design and optimal design for existed printing machine is given.