Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности как важнейший фактор социально-экономического развития регионов

Abstract

The article is devoted to the issues of studying the system of socio-economic indicators that characterize the food security of the regions. The analysis and studies of indicators were carried out on the example of the regions of the Central federal district. The calculations are based on Rosstat data for the period from 2015 to 2020. The methods of mathematical statistics and correlation analysis were used as research methods. To perform calculations and visualize data, the RStudio interactive statistical analysis environment with the ggcorrplot graphics package was used. The paper explores approaches to assessing food security and defines a system of indicators used in most of the considered methods. For the study, the food self-sufficiency indicator, the actual consumption indicator, the poverty indicator, the real consumption indicator, and the Gini indicator were selected. The analysis of the dynamics of the level of actual consumption for the period under review did not reveal significant changes. At the same time, a comparative analysis of this indicator for 2020 by individual regions indicates an uneven distribution across all main types of food. For the seventeen regions considered in the work, calculations, and analysis of the self-sufficiency of the regions for the five most important food products were performed. In accordance with the data obtained, three groups of regions with high, sufficient, and low self-sufficiency in food products were identified. To eliminate the redundancy of a set of indicators for a general assessment of food security, a correlation analysis of the interdependence of indicators was performed in the work, which made it possible to limit the number of indicators under consideration without losing the information content of the model. An important value in assessing the availability of food is played by the indicator of monetary income of the population. Calculations showed a high degree of correlation of this indicator with the indicator of actual consumption. The results obtained in the study reflect the importance of food self-sufficiency in the regions, and the system of indicators considered allows us to provide objective information about the situation in this area.