ЕВРОАЗИАТСКИЙ МИГРАЦИОННЫЙ КОРИДОР: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ, ОЦЕНКИ МАСШТАБОВ И КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

Abstract

The article discusses theoretical approaches to the concept of «migration system» and migra-tion corridor, discussed in foreign and Russian scientific literature. Key theories and studies of migration systems in modern domestic and foreign science are considered. In this context, the definition and content of the concept of «migration corridor» as a form of sustainable migration links between sending and receiving countries is also being developed. The Eurasian migration corridor as a part of the Eurasian migration subsystem is theoretically justified and statistically described. It is also noted that the Slavic and Caucasian migration corridors have been formed in the post-Soviet space. It is noted that the Euro-Asian migration corridor was formed on the basis of stable migration flows between the Central Asian countries and the Russian Federation, which are characterized by large-scale flows of labor and educational migrants in favor of Russia and significant amounts of money transfers in favor of sending countries. The migration flows that make up the Euro-Asian migration corridor are dominated by temporary forms of migration, primarily labor and educational. The key migration channels of the Euro-Asian migration corridor are assessed in terms of participation of citizens of five Central Asian countries — Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The article highlights the peculiarities of the transformation of temporary forms of migration into permanent residence in Russia and the participation of citizens of the region in them. The positive and negative aspects of labor migration from Central Asia to Russia for sending countries in the region are highlighted.