Abstract
Genetic diversity is the precondition for any selection program. The collection and exploitation of natural variation from ecotypes and landraces has played a vital role in the improvement of forage crops. The review is devoted to the most important aspects of studying the genetic variation in populations, cultivars, samples and forms of wild and cultivated forage plants. The factors with negative impact on the biodiversity conservation have been determined. The main types of genetic markers that used for genetic recourses of perennial grasses evaluation were described. Particular attention was focused on the role of molecular DNA markers for the population genetics and phylogenetic studies. The main advantages of DNA markers application for the forage crops, due of its great variability of traits and properties, the complexity of the genetic system and a high degree of plasticity of this group of plants, have been discussed. The latest generation of genetic DNA markers allows conducting the objective and accurate assessment of genetic diversity, provides selection process intensification, increases the possibilities for identification and molecular-genetic certification of the selection achievements.
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