Аналіз класичних та сучасних підходів до визначення структури політичної ідентичності

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of determining the structural components of political identity. The analysis of the basic approaches and models in which various elements of political identity are allocated is carried out: classical approaches that consider party identity as the basis of political identity; electoral behavioral, communication and self-identification, within which political identity is connected with electoral choice, the nature of interaction in the social environment of voters; crisis identity models in which political identity is formed and regulated under the influence of reference groups; system-hierarchical, within which political identity is determined by value-ideological orientations or dominants in the political ideas of citizens. It is established that the main structural elements of political identity are: socio-status characteristics; assessments of the economic and political situation; party preferences; dispositions on specific political and socio-economic issues; assessments of personal qualities of political leaders; long-term expectations from parties and candidates. The main factors that should be taken into account in the analysis of political identity are determined: socio-cultural (caused by social differentiation of the population); institutional (formal and informal norms, the nature of political institutions); ideological (ideologues that affect the party-ideological identification of the population); socio-demographic (age, sex, region of residence, socio-professional affiliation); cultural and civilizational (value orientations, geopolitical orientations, confessional affiliation); activity-behavioral (political activity and political participation).