БОТАНИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОЗИМОЙ СУРЕПИЦЫ – ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОЙ МАСЛИЧНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ В ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

Abstract

. In conditions of a reduction in the number of livestock, grain crops are growing in the crop rotation due to the feed wedge. Under these conditions, the development of the technology of oilseeds, in particular from the cabbage family, will improve the water-air regime of the soil, porosity, structurality, water permeability and water strength of the aggregates of the arable layer. Cabbage crops were cultivated at different stages of the development of agriculture. Rapeseed and rapeseed vegetable oil were used for lighting, in soap making, especially for the lubrication of steam engines during the rapid development of industry before the production of mineral oils from fossil hydrocarbons. With the introduction of 00 and 000 varieties of rapeseed and surepitsa, vegetable oil began to be widely used for food purposes and in the production of biodiesel. Winter varieties of rapeseed and surepitsa are characterized by high seed yields. Often these two cultures are mistaken for one species. Having a lot in common, rapeseed and surepitsa and their winter forms differ in botanical and biological features. Surepitsa as a species began to be described in the middle of the XVII century. culture has received many names at different times. According to E.N. Sinskaya, winter surepitsa is one of the subspecies of turnips (B. Rapa subs. Biennis (Metzg) Sinsk), and spring surepitsa is an independent species (Br. Campestris L.). Often in production conditions, winter surepitsa is presented as winter rapeseed. Winter rapeseed is less hardy than winter wheat. Winter wheat ripens 10–12 days earlier in comparison with winter rapeseed and is less productive. In the conditions of Western Siberia, winter wheat ripens in the second decade of July, forms a seed yield of 20 or more c/ha. in 2022, the area of winter wheat crops in the Kemerovo region amounted to about five thousand hectares with a yield of 13.5 c/ha.