Громадянське суспільство України після початку повномасштабної агресії Росії в Україні

The purpose of the research paper is to characterize the activity of German non-governmental institutions (organizations) in Ukraine during 1992-2022 through the prism of the concept of ‘soft power’ by J. Nye, as well as to clarify the forms, aims, priorities, and results of their activity. The scientific novelty is in the concept of ‘soft power’ application in the study of the activities of German non-governmental organizations in Ukraine at the time of independence. The methodology of the research, which is essentially interdisciplinary, is based on the combination of the political science concept of J. Nye and the historical approach. The ‘soft power’ of Germany is analyzed as a combination of four components: resources (values, language, culture, etc.), actors (subjects of influence who use the attractiveness of the resources to involve target groups of the population), tools (means of influence including public diplomacy and its varieties), results (positive image, implementation of political and cultural values, etc.). Conclusions. Since the beginning of its independence, Ukraine has become the object of significant interest both on the part of the government agencies of the Federal Republic of Germany and its numerous non-governmental institutions that have been active in our country since 1992. German non-governmental organizations can be conditionally divided into two groups: 1) political, which primarily include party foundations; 2) cultural, educational, and scientific, among which the Goethe-Institut, the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), the German Wave (Deutsche Welle) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation should be singled out. When implementing the ‘soft power’ policy, these institutions rest on such resources as democracy and a developed civil society’s values, the German language and culture, and the federal system of education and science. The activities of German non-governmental organizations in Ukraine generally correspond to their general goals. Among the main results of these institutions’ activities can be named the formation of a positive image of Germany in Ukraine, as well as the spread of European political values among target groups of the Ukrainian population (mainly young people). The result of the latter has become the formation of civil society in Ukraine and increasing European integration, which has been also facilitated by the activities of other democratic countries’ institutions. However, confirmation of the last statement requires separate research. It also seems promising to study the relationship between Germany’s ‘soft power’ (or another Western country) and the emigration of the Ukrainian population during the period of independence.

Stage analysis of dynamics of public organizations in the context of interaction of the state and civil society

Problem setting. The rapid development of modern society requires the creation of new forms of cooperation and mutual understanding and requires new forms of communication, which will be characterized by even greater efficiency, openness, transparency, efficiency and quality. The total penetration of communication into all spheres of public life actualizes its significance and functional role. Modern transformational processes taking place in society necessitate the creation of responsible institutions of civil society, which include public organizations that act as a mediator between the community and the state. The level of public trust in them depends on the effectiveness of communicative activities of NGOs because successful communication is the basis of constructive dialogue between public organizations and society. Recent research and publications analysis. Ukrainian scientists study various aspects of the activity of NGOs, in particular, the development of mass and civil communication, public relations are studied in their works of such domestic scientists as: E. Afonin, V. Bebyk, M. Bilynska, O. Valevskyi, T. Vasilevskaya, N. Hrytsyak, N. Hudyma, V. Hurkovskyi, O. Dmytrenko, L. Klymanska, M. Lohunova, D. Nelipa, I. Panteleichuk, O. Petroye, G. Pocheptsov, O. Pukhkal, V. Rebkalo , V. Rizun, E. Romanenko, A. Savkov, S. Seryogin, G. Sytnyk, S. Teleshun, I. Chaplai and others. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Understanding the general features and trends of the development of public organizations, as well as the establishment of their effective internal and external communicative activity, require more detailed consideration and detailed study. The paper aims at theoretically substantiating the tools for ensuring the effectiveness of communicative activities of NGOs as a basis for open and rational dialogue in a consolidated society. Paper main body. The issue of improving the communicative interaction of public organizations with government bodies and the media does not disappear from the agenda of either government agencies or public associations. The effectiveness of communication of public organizations in Ukraine depends primarily on the literacy of their communication campaigns, which implies the presence in NGOs of communication strategies, which involve high-level professionals with many years of practical experience. Today, the participation of Ukrainians in the social movement and the trust in the institutions of the third sector and their influence on the development of society and community are growing. The results of the study showed that the efficiency of communicative activities of NGOs directly depends on public confidence in them. Social networks are a unique platform for consolidating different groups of actors based on the commonality of their interests, and as a result of communicative interaction, there is a large-scale synergetic effect. This way of showing civic activity can be considered the most efficient and widespread. The article considers the advantages and risks of the use of social networks by public organizations in the communicative activity of the public sector, outlines several rules of communication in social networks for public organizations. The article states that the effectiveness of communication of NGOs also depends on cooperation with journalists and the choice of audience. The quality of feedback and the level of public trust in NGOs depend on the ability to convey relevant information to the audience in a timely and high-quality manner. We should not underestimate the growing role of public organizations in the consolidation of society, a necessary condition for which is the creation of a single information space. National consolidation will be successful when the state policy in this area is complemented by the activities of civil society institutions, their effective internal and external communication activities. In our opinion, there is a necessity to establish consolidated communication as a process of multifaceted communication within society through various communication channels and tools to strengthen, unite, integrate and pull together society to form a common coherent approach to solving societal problems. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Effective NGOs, as an element of civil society, are the catalyst for its development. Every NGO, since its inception, seeks to plan its activities in such a way as to achieve its goals in the shortest possible time, to become known, to influence public opinion. This area is an important factor that affects the necessity for communicative interaction between the state and civil society. Among the tools for ensuring the efficiency of communicative activity of NGOs, we consider it appropriate to name: the presence of feedback and the level of public confidence in them; literacy of public communication campaigns; correct use of social networks in the communicative activity of the public sector; establishing active cooperation with journalists; definition of the target audience; use of modern communication formats; selection of communication channels that correspond to the target audience; establishing consolidated communication. Further research in this direction should be aimed, in particular, at an in-depth studying of consolidated communication as a major factor in the consolidation of Ukrainian society.

<p><strong><em>Purpose of research.</em></strong><em> The article is aimed to study the peculiarities of using communication and PR methods by modern charitable organizations in Ukraine, in particular, the United 24 platform, the «Come Back Alive» international charitable foundation and Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> The methodological basis of the study is the work of Ukrainian scholars who have studied the methods of charity’s impact on the public and a review of the empirical basis of the study (websites of the United 24 platform, the «Come Back Alive» charitable foundation, and Serhiy Prytula Foundation). The following approaches were used to determine the peculiarities of the use of communication technologies by leading modern Ukrainian charitable organizations: comparative and historical, retrospective, situational, and analytical. Methods: observation, descriptive, comparative, generalization.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>. The article focuses on analyzing and systematizing the peculiarities of PR communications of large Ukrainian charitable organizations and identifying the most effective tools for achieving fundraising goals. </em></p><p><em>It is emphasized that the use of any means of advertising and PR should include digital technologies and be enhanced by the availability of image resources that contribute to the quality positioning of a charitable organization – a strong personal brand, reputational capital and a credit of trust from society.</em></p><p><em>It is noted that modern charitable organizations and fundraising platforms are characterized by the use of crowdfunding technologies, fundraising, ambassadors, digital advertising and special projects.</em></p><p><em>The features of the use of advertising and PR methods in charity are revealed on the example of the most successful charitable organizations in Ukraine, the level of correlation of the used tools with the performance of activities (the amount of funds raised) is outlined, the role of communication techniques in the effective achievement of goals is determined.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the most effective methods, tools and techniques of communication used by leading Ukrainian charitable organizations during a full-scale war in Ukraine and representing the existence of links between advertising, PR, image-making, IT</em><em> </em><em>technologies in the process of achieving financial and information goals.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of their use in the formation of educational programs and courses on professional communication in the field of charity, as well as the implementation of best practices in the communication processes of charitable and non-profit organizations in Ukraine. </em></p><p><strong><em>Key</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>words:</em></strong><em> fundraising, crowdfunding, collaboration, publicity, public relations, reputation, digital advertising.</em></p>

During the years of Ukraine’s independence, the procedure of propaganda of democratic values among the local population and provability of all their advantages for nation-building has grown quite significantly. The key role in this process was played by the citizens themselves, who made a confident choice in favor of the general democratic evolution of the state at the turn of the 1980’s and 1990’s. New Ukraine has since tried not to change this strategic course. However, the hybridity of some of the ruling political regimes is constantly testing the strength of the democratic vaccination of the Ukrainian nation. Time has shown that this strength can be traced to the example of the activities of national non-governmental organizations in state-building and public administration processes. Using the experience of Euro-Atlantic partners, national associations of citizens, which in the spirit of their program activities are aimed at community service, have acted as generators of propaganda for the whole spectrum of democratization of society. A significant part of public organizations, which are essentially called to be motivated missionaries and mediators of cultural and educational training of all members of a democratic society, were given the opportunity to spread democratic values among the citizens of Ukraine at various levels.Undoubtedly, all these facts affect the international image of the state and civil society in Ukraine in general. Even despite the negative phenomena «rooted» in the modern democratic model of state development, including those inherited by the communist-Soviet administration (corruption, non-publicity of power, interethnic and national relations, etc.), the level of social readiness for value self-improvement is constantly growing. In addition, the local «third sector» is assisted by international support in the form of dissemination of various grant and other assistance programs, strategies, courses, etc. Ukrainian society, through representatives of public organizations, adequately responds to such opportunities for cooperation and is involved in the public development of potential opportunities in practice. Such activity of public organizations, foundations, associations is a positive example of improving the international image of Ukraine, which can not but please all parties to the relevant public interaction.The problem of public actualization of public organizations in Ukraine is closely connected with international support and affects the international image of Ukrainian public organizations, which, at the same time, serve as a kind of measure of democracy and publicity of civil society in Ukraine.

The issue of approaches to veteran reintegration in the management of public organizations has been brought about by the increasing number of war veterans. After the start of the fullscale invasion of Ukraine, the goal of public organizations, in addition to volunteer activities related to humanitarian assistance to the military, has become helping veterans reintegrate into civilian life. In search of ways to do this, many relevant approaches to veteran reintegration have emerged. The article defines the essence of the concept of “reintegration” and “public organization” and characterizes their types; analyzes the experience of Ukraine and other countries in the issue of war veteran reintegration; and analyzes the activities of some existing public organizations in Ukraine that are involved in helping war veterans reintegrate. The process of social reintegration is defined as the restoration of vital interactions in society for the sake of well-being, dignity, and social integrity of the individual. A public organization is a type of social non-profit self-organization created to realize social interests in a specific sphere, field, or sector of activity, profession, as defined by its charter, as well as to satisfy and protect the lawful common interests of its members. The following types are highlighted: charitable organizations; professional organizations; employer organizations; trade unions; other public organizations. Types of non-profit organizations include: organizations engaged in cultural and recreational activities; educational and research centers; non-profit health organizations; social service organizations; environmental and animal protection organizations; development centers; public and human rights organizations; charitable organizations; international organizations. World experience is considered, including the example of the Croatian Homeland War Veterans Association and the American context. Most organizations had the same goals: increasing medical benefits and building new hospitals for veterans; strengthening existing pension systems and benefits for former servicemen and their families; establishing a new Veterans Bureau. The work also discusses the effectiveness of reintegration through immersion in the educational process. After the start of the war in Ukraine in 2022, the need to help veterans became more evident. Currently, the state does not consider assistance to war veterans only in the form of subsidies but much more broadly, namely in the Government’s Plan of Priority Actions. In Ukraine, in addition to the state, non-governmental non-profit organizations, including those founded by veterans, are involved in the process of war veteran reintegration. Examples of successful public initiatives are considered: “Principle”, “Charitable Foundation “Veterano Hub”, “Charitable Foundation “After Service” and others. At present, there are many public organizations in Ukraine created to help veterans reintegrate or that are actually engaged in this aсtivity.

<p><strong><em>Purpose of research.</em></strong><em> The article is aimed to study the peculiarities of the image reception of the charitable organizations Come Back Alive, Voices of Children and Superhumans by the mass audience in Ukraine.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology. </em></strong><em>Research methods: observation, comparative, descriptive and generalization. The observation method allowed us to analyze the activities of Ukrainian non-profit organizations and their presence in the information space. The comparative method was used to analyze sociological research in order to identify changes in the level of trust in non-profit organizations. The use of the descriptive method provided the opportunity to describe reception problems and means of solving them, to assess their effectiveness. The generalization method contributed to the identification of general problems and features characteristic of Ukrainian non-profit organizations, to the derivation of general trends and prospects in the industry.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> The article focuses on analyzing and systematizing the factors that influence the perception of the image of non-profit organizations by the mass audience in Ukraine and the means of overcoming the challenges faced by charitable and public organizations in the course of their activities. The author emphasizes that trust is an important factor in the formation of social capital of both each individual organization and charity in general, which affects the overcoming of challenges faced by organizations in the information space. It is noted that the reasons for distrust in the activities of non-profit organizations lie in both historical prerequisites and organizational and communication factors that can be overcome at the operational and strategic levels. The peculiarities of organizational and communication tools used by charitable foundations that are leading in their fields are revealed – the importance of the main techniques that are most effective in overcoming the problems of representation and image formation is outlined.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive consideration of the problems of the image of non-profit organizations by the mass audience in Ukraine, the identification of the main means of overcoming challenges and the analysis of the most relevant data that allow us to determine current trends and prospects for the development of the third sector in the context of social communications.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of using structured data in the formation of modules of educational programs on social communications, the formation of a request for further sociological research, as well as the implementation of experience and foreign developments in building an organizational and communication strategy for non-profit organizations in Ukraine.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> non-profit organization, charity, social capital, social communications, reputation, reception, mass audience, public.</em></p>

Population migration, destruction of the country's infrastructure, significantly complicates access to social, medical, and legal services and thereby the prompt response of specialists from state and non-state organizations to meet the needs of citizens, especially vulnerable groups of the population, which include IDPs living with HIV. The purpose of the article is to investigate the features of the provision of social and medical services to IDPs living with HIV in state and non-state organizations of Ukraine. The authors have summarized the problems of IDPs living with HIV (domestic, socio-economic, socio-legal, medical and social, psychological, educational, problems related to stigmatization and discrimination). In the course of the study, the authors draw attention to the fact that when planning the activities of public and non-governmental organizations in Ukraine, it is necessary to focus on social work and medical services, taking into account the outlined problems of IDPs living with HIV. The experience of state and non-state organizations in providing social and medical services to IDPs living with HIV has been systematized (State Institution “Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Municipal Institutions “Kyiv City Right-Bank Center for HIV-Infected Children and Youth” and “Kyiv City Left-Bank Center for HIV-Infected Children and Youth”, Center for Infectious Diseases “Clinic for the Treatment of Children with HIV/AIDS”, International Charitable Foundation “Alliance of Public Health”, Charitable Organization “Positive Women”, Anti-AIDS Foundation in Ukraine, Charitable Organization “100% Life”, Public Organization “Our Help”). It has been determined that a significant part of the organizations’ work is focused on humanitarian assistance; assistance in improving the material situation; legal support; meeting educational needs; psychological consultations; medical and social support. The authors see promising research directions in expert assessment of the quality of social and medical services provided to IDPs living with HIV in Ukraine using empirical methods.

This article examines the interaction problem between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and civil society in countering Russian propaganda. The idea that civil society in Ukraine is a permanent participant in public and political processes and performs a compensatory function against the background of the limited internal potential of state-management influence and institutions of state power in matters of ensuring national security is substantiated. The article clarifies the specifics of the interaction between the Armed Forces and civil society within the framework of conventional warfare and against the background of hybrid, informational warfare. It was found out that Ukrainian civil society has significant experience in protecting national interests and helping the defense forces of Ukraine since 2014. During the entire period of the hybrid war, the possibilities and effectiveness of interaction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and civil society in matters of state defense have significantly increased and reached their peak against the background of a full-scale invasion in 2022. The article discusses the topic of Russian propaganda against Ukrainian civil society and reveals the main stages of the periodization of Russia’s information war against Ukraine, the features of special information operations, and their effectiveness since 2014. It is established that Ukraine, having no productive means of combating the enemy at the beginning of the modern confrontation with Russian propaganda, today has accumulated a significant arsenal of resources, including the capabilities of mass media, state defense forces, and civil society. Based on the study of the possibilities of interaction between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and civil society in countering Russian propaganda, the author concluded that today, Ukraine has rich but scattered, unsystematized experience in combating propaganda. An essential task in the framework of the interaction of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and civil society in this matter is the creation of a single concept that will help coordinate the interaction between all the bodies of the Armed Forces of Ukraine involved in the information struggle and its defense departments, mass media, as well as civil society. It was established that the Armed Forces should cooperate with mass media, public organizations, and society on joint steps to counter Russian propaganda, as well as to improve the level of their interaction with civil society.

The article examines the peculiarities of the institutionalization of civil society in Ukraine for accounting and analytical support of management and informing the public about solving socially important issues and problems. An attempt was made to theoretically substantiate the classifications of civil society organizations. Legal, functional, economic, structural and operational approaches to the classification of civil society organizations are analyzed. The current state and possibilities of creating civil society institutions of Ukraine are studied. The main approaches to defining public organizations according to normative acts are summarized in the article. Differences in the definition of civil society organizations according to national legislation and international norms and standards are indicated. The peculiarity of the interpretation of the term "non-profit organization" under the tax legislation of Ukraine as inclusion in the Register of non-profit organizations and the right to exemption from paying income tax was noted. According to international standards, non-profitability and institutional separation from the government are the primary characteristics of a civil society organization. A conclusion was made regarding the need to improve statistics, monitoring and accounting of civil society organizations. It is suggested to supplement the classification of civil society organizations on the basis of a functional approach to obtain data on the types of activities, the number of participants, income and expenses. The author proposed a classification of civil society organizations in Ukraine based on the requirements for the composition of their members, creation, special powers and functions. In order to obtain complete and reliable information about the state and development of civil society, we suggest introducing mandatory reporting by civil society organizations (institutes). It is important to ensure public access to such reporting, as well as the results of monitoring, evaluation, and expertise (audit) of the results of the activities of civil society organizations (institutes).

Introduction. Protection of children's rights is one of the most important tasks of the state. In addition the state responsible for the observance of children's rights, there are public organizations and purpose is to support and develop the sphere of protection of children's rights. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the role and importance of public organizations in the protection of children's rights. Results. The paper examines several public organizations in the field of protection of children's rights. Specifically, the Ukrainian Foundation "Protection of Children's Rights" participates in legislative and advisory initiatives in the field of childhood protection, monitoring, analysis and generalization of information on the observance of children's rights in Ukraine, promoting the development of the justice system for children, training and support of specialists in the field of working with children and their parents, advocacy of children's rights and compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, creation of support centers for children in difficult life circumstances, protection of children's rights in armed conflicts. Another well-known organization is the Ukrainian Network for Children's Rights, created to consolidate efforts and improve coordination between civil society organizations in Ukraine and their influence on state policy in the field of ensuring children's rights. A well-known public organization in Ukraine is La Strada, which works to ensure gender equality, peacebuilding, prevention of gender-based violence, in particular, domestic violence, combating human trafficking and ensuring children's rights, promoting the implementation of human rights standards in all spheres of society and state life. Ukraine as a branch of the international European Children's Charity Organization (ECCO), implementing a number of projects aimed at helping vulnerable families with children. Analyzing the activities of organizations related to the protection of children's rights, it is necessary to mention UNICEF, which works to reach the most vulnerable children and youth who are most in need of help. Another organization related to the protection of children is HealthRight International (Right to Health), which is an international organization working in the field of public health and human rights protection to provide health care opportunities for those who find themselves in difficult situations. life circumstances. Conclusion. The role of public organizations in the protection of children's rights is powerful. Non-governmental organizations have made a significant contribution to the support of minors and their parents, some key problems have been solved and recommendations for their elimination have been provided to state authorities.

The purpose of this article is to study the possibility of using methodological concepts and approaches in the process of applying in practice the problems of optimization of state assistance to the development of public organizations and their place in the system of public-management relations. In the study, we start from understanding the principles of the possibility of methodological flexibility, which contributes to the knowledge of many phenomena and processes in public administration and public practice, gives an opportunity to analyze their origins, dynamics of development, efficiency and effectiveness. We believe that they are generally accepted for research into the problems of public policy optimization, and therefore are predominantly interdisciplinary. After all, it is necessary to synthesize a number of general scientific, philosophical and special, specific scientific methods with the purpose of studying, processing, comparing and analyzing useful data in the research and combining them with the author's vision of the methodological structure of research of the levers of state support for the development of public organizations of Ukraine.Therefore, the study proposes to study the impact of synergetics on the modification of the methodology of the study of public organization as an institution of civil society in the content of public-management interaction with the state. Also, for the possibility of perspective variability of the methodological basis of the study, we focused on the modifying influence on identification methods, comparative and situational method, method of facilitation, etc.The elaborated system of methodological approaches, which we take into account in the research, contributes to the disclosure of its basic provisions and scientific assumptions and allows to outline the main directions of optimization of the state policy of promoting public organizations in Ukraine. The proposed modified methods of synergetics, identification, comparative and situational and facilitation methods will give a clearer idea of perspective possibilities of actualization of the role of public organization in public-management relations. It is difficult to speak about a certain permanent construct of them, since the problem under study is a dynamic phenomenon and is vulnerable to any changes that have a traditional impact on socio-political relations, phenomena, processes. Therefore, it is quite logical that there is a need to think about and apply modern socio-technological models, which should be aimed at optimizing the whole spectrum of state-administrative, socio-economic, socio-political and other aspects of the development of the state and civil society in Ukraine.

The article provides a theoretical and methodological justification of the predicate of civil society institutions from the standpoint of administrative and organizational and legal principles of relations with public administration for the implementation of democratic values enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine. Modern approaches to defining the essence of civic institutions are analyzed, their functions, main components, features and forms of legal interaction in public administration are determined. The legal bases of the state policy of promoting the development of civil society in Ukraine are determined. The new current trends in the development of civil society institutions in Ukraine are indicated, where the dynamics of increasing the number of public associations in various organizational and legal forms of management (public organizations, charitable organizations, self- organization bodies, public unions, trade unions and their associations). There is also an increase in the level of public confidence in these organizations, which is explained by the purpose of their activities - to directly defend the public interest on selfless initiative and moral motivation. The analysis of statistical data also revealed a low level of public activity and increased public confidence in the activities of public organizations. The importance of integrating the activities of civil society institutions into the system of public administration in making responsible decisions and in the field of organizational and legal support of administrative reform is argued. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the interaction of civil society institutions and public authorities at the local level increases the level of decentralization of power. The forms of legal interaction of civil society institutions with public authorities, which are consolidated in paternalistic, liberal and participatory models, are generalized. The main problems of intensification of the processes of integration of civil society institutions into the system of public administration are identified.

In Ukraine, citizens have created a large number of civil society institutions (public organizations, charitable organizations, trade unions). The activity of public organizations plays a significant role in the processes taking place in society, and therefore necessitates checking (audit) the financial and economic aspects of its implementation. The article describes the essence of non-governmental organizations, considers the factors that shape the need to draw the attention of scientists to the activities of non-governmental organizations, namely: the growing number of non-governmental organizations in Ukraine in recent years and the income of the most prominent NGOs in 2020. The peculiarities of the audit of non-governmental organizations are determined, which consist of separating a particular type of audit services, typical for different grantees – audit of grant Projects. In addition, the grounds for conducting a general audit in NGOs are highlighted – in contrast to the typical practice for business, not only the legislative requirements can push non-governmental organizations to wish to conduct an audit of financial statements. Much attention is paid to the issues of transparency and accountability of organizations. The risks that auditors should take into account during the audit of non-governmental organizations and typical errors that may occur during the audit of NGOs are also considered. Particular attention is paid to procurement procedures and possible fraudulent schemes that may arise on the basis of these procedures. At the same time, examples of the direct influence of donors on the activities of non-governmental organizations and, as a consequence, on the audit of NGOs are given. The challenges faced by auditors when working with NGOs and barriers to market entry are highlighted.

Relevance of the study. The restoration of Ukraine's independence has necessitated the formation of a full-fledged civil society. Civil society implies the existence of various institutions that are not directly related to state structures and allow citizens and their associations to pursue their interests and initiatives. The institutionalization of civil society is based on the voluntary activities of citizens who can act as intermediaries between society and the state. Political parties, mass media, public organizations, and non-governmental organizations are civil society institutions. The article examines the media as an important civil society institution. Studying the activities of the media as civil society institutions is an important component of understanding the Ukrainian political, socio-cultural and economic dynamics of society. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of approaches to media coverage through the prism of the impact of non-state media on the development of civil society. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of mass media on the formation and development of civil society in Ukraine in 1990-2004. Research methods and methodology. The methodological basis of the study was a wide range of methods of knowledge of science. The synergistic method was used to distinguish non-state media like an institution of civil society. The dialectical method was used to formulate the conceptual and categorical apparatus, as well as the very concept of private media and their functional purpose. Based on the historical method, the author examines theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of the emergence and development of media in the system of interaction between public authorities, private structures and civil institution. The methods of deduction and induction were employed to justify the concept of non-state media as a component of civil society, as well as to define their categories, functions, and operational principles. The results of the study show that the media play a key role in the formation and development of civil societyby providing citizens with access to crucial information, shaping public opinion and political consciousness, and encouraging active participation in public life in Ukraine from 1990 to 2004. The findings of the study demonstrate that the media, as an important institution of civil society, significantly influence the formation of public opinion, political consciousness and the position of Ukrainian citizens on state-building processes through participation in election campaigns, journalistic investigations, and impartial coverage of information. This contributes to the development of civic consciousness and a democratic mechanism of interaction between society and the state.