Abstract
The main trends in modern diesel engines are the increase in fuel efficiency and operational reliability of engines, as well as their environmental safety, mainly related to stringent emission requirements for exhaust gases. The necessity of the world navy fleet in the non-existent amount of fuel is clarified, the forecast is made, which implies further increase of its consumption. The total capacity of marine engines in the world, and in the longterm perspective, until 2050, is determined. The number of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by the ships of the world fleet is shown, international norms are regulated, which strictly regulate the number of these emissions, as well as the dynamics of the strengthening of norms for the present and for the future. Certain types of technological emissions and the composition of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of marine engines have been identified. They make up 0.1 - 1.0% of total emissions, are in gaseous state and include carbon monoxide oxides, NOx nitrogen, SOx sulfur, and hydrocarbon CrNy. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) with off-gas from marine diesel engines account for about 14% of global NOx emissions from the combustion of all types of fossil hydrocarbon fuels The analysis of methods of their purification is carried out. An analysis of recent publications has been carried out It is known that the quality of diesel fuel, its physical and chemical properties, affect the fuel economy and the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of the engine. The most common way to ensure the required properties of diesel fuel is the introduction of multifunctional impurities. The groups of impurities to diesel fuel are given. The influence of nano-metal impurity on Al2O3 fuel is analyzed. The analysis of diesel fuel with an admixture of aluminum oxide nanopowders (Al2O3) gamma-modification. It has been established that the additive to diesel fuel based on AL2O3 nanopowders is promising. It is expedient to carry out a complex of motor tests for introduction of an additive on the sea and river fleet
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