Комплексная оценка геоэкологических рисков при ведении открытых и подземных горных работ

Abstract

Introduction. Geo-ecological risk is the probability of adverse events leading to a violation of the stability of the existing ecological system or the natural and technical geo-system “rock mass – technology – mining”, formed as a result of mining activities. The main elements of geo-ecological risk in mining are dangerous geological (landslides, rock collapses, suffusion-erosion processes, karst, etc.) and hydrogeological processes. The purpose of the research. Development of a method for integrated assessment and management of geo-ecological risks in open-pit and underground mining operations. Methodology. The paper calculates the geo-ecological risk in relation to each technological process. At the same time, the ranking of the possibility of a negative process in mining activities is determined on the basis of an expert approach, taking into account the specifics of mining and technological operations. Statistical data and expert assessments formed the basis for determining the quantitative values of geo-ecological risks in mining operations. Results and discussion. The obtained quantitative values of geo-ecological risks indicate that a management system is needed. The developed geo-ecological risk management system makes it possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of them in the conditions of mining and mining and construction production and, based on forecast calculations, determine the distribution zones of the most dangerous processes in the “rock mass – technology – mining” system. Conclusion. Research has been conducted on the formation of a comprehensive assessment of geo-ecological risks, as well as their forecasting during open-pit and underground mining operations. It is determined that the geo-ecological risk in open-pit mining consists of the risk of alienation and degradation of soil, the risk of pollutants into the atmospheric air, the risk of pollution and depletion of the water basin, and in underground mining – from the risk of atmospheric pollution of the working area, the risk of changes in the groundwater regime and the risk of geo-mechanical transformations of the rock mass.