Насіннєва продуктивність моркви столової за висадкового способу вирощування та краплинного зрошення

Abstract

Goal. To determine seed productivity and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) at drip irrigation in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory — to determine the sowing qualities of seeds, measurement and calculation — to account the yield, mathematical and statistical — to determine correlations. Results. It is established that the seed productivity of carrot significantly depends on the conditions of growing parent roots and seed plants. It is proved that the size of parent roots and the scheme of their planting had a significant impact on the growth, development, seed productivity, and seed quality of carrot at drip irrigation in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It was determined that the highest yield of parent plants of the Yaskrava variety (60 t/ha) was obtained during sowing in the first decade of June, and application of the calculated dose of fertilizers and plant density of 1 million plants/ha. It is established that the formation of seed yield is most influenced by the scheme of planting parent plants. Planting parent plants in the scheme 70×15 cm increases the seed yield by 16.9–21.6% compared with large and medium fractions of roots in the scheme 70×25 cm. According to correlation regression analysis, the mathematical model was determined of seed yield depending on the diameter of the root crop and scheme of planting parent plants. The planting scheme and the size of the parent roots did not significantly affect the sowing qualities of the seeds. With the planting scheme of 70×30 cm, the germination energy, and seed germination were 1 and 2% higher than with the maximum density of seed plants. The use of parent plants made it possible to obtain seeds with the same high sowing qualities as standard parent plants. Conclusions. Parent root crops of fraction with a diameter of 15–20 mm, planted according to the schemes of 70×15 cm, can form a higher level of seed yield compared to parent plants of standard sizes. Seeds obtained from parent plants meet the requirements of the state standard of Ukraine (DSTU 7160: 2020).