ЗМІНИ СТРУКТУРИ ТКАНИН СТІНКИ ТОВСТОЇ КИШКИ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ БІОЛОГІЧНО АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН

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Background. The regulation of the motor function of the colon is carried out due to the complex combined influence of a complex of endogenous nervous and humoral factors, which serve as modulators of the contractile activity of the muscles of the intestinal wall. However, the issue of the use and safety of exogenous correctors of the motor function of the colon remains extremely relevant and in demand. Thus, the search for potential factors capable of physiologically modulating the contractile activity of the intestines is a kind of challenge for modern scientists, and the study of the features of the influence of these substances on the tissues of the intestinal wall is a relevant scientific and practical problem for modern biological science. The aim of the work was to establish the features of morphological changes in the structures of the colon wall under the influence of biologically active substances. Methods. The study was conducted on 94 sexually mature outbred male rats. The effect on the histological structure of the sigmoid colon wall of the following substances was studied: quercetin, caffeine, floccalin, phoridone, a mixture of floccalin and phoridone, and E510. Rat colon preparations were incubated in solutions of these substances for 30 minutes in vitro, after which a histological examination was performed. Intestinal fragments were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, passed through ascending concentrations of ethyl alcohol, then embedded in paraffin. Sections 5-7 μm thick were made from the obtained paraffin samples, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Morphological changes in the intestinal wall were assessed using a microscope. Results. The absence of pathological changes in the colon wall under the influence of floccalin and phoridone, their mixture, and also under the influence of quercetin and caffeine was recorded. This suggests that these substances do not have harmful side effects in relation to the histostructures of the intestinal wall. The effect of E510 leads to the appearance of signs of lymphocytic infiltration, modification of lymphoid follicles, loosening and swelling of the submucosal base of the colon wall due to impaired capillary barrier function. Conclusions. The action of all studied substances, with the exception of E510, causes minor structural or functional changes in the colon wall, which are reactive reversible in nature and do not lead to the development of irreversible pathological phenomena. In contrast, the effect of E510 leads to the development of adverse morphofunctional changes in the colon wall, which requires further in-depth study.