АНАЛІЗ ТА ОЦІНКА НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ, ПОВ’ЯЗАНИХ З ПОВЕНЯМИ В УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the issues of forecasting, consequence management, and international cooperation in responding to emergencies caused by floods in Ukraine, as well as to assess the causes and consequences of catastrophic floods. To identify effective strategies for preventing and minimizing the negative impacts of floods by implementing advanced international experience and innovative technologies. Methods: The article employed methods of analysis and statistics, which allowed for a detailed study of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the occurrence of floods, their dynamics, and intensity. Additionally, a comparative method was used to analyze regulatory documents from different countries, and modeling methods were employed to forecast possible scenarios of flood events. Results: Regions with the highest risk of catastrophic floods were identified, enabling efforts to be focused on the most vulnerable areas. Key regulatory documents governing the actions of authorities and the population during floods were also analyzed, and comparisons were made between such documents in Ukraine and EU countries. Based on the analysis, key principles were formulated for creating a more progressive system of forecasting and responding to catastrophic floods in Ukraine. The research results include recommendations for improving the legal framework, implementing modern monitoring technologies and early warning systems, and enhancing coordination between national and local authorities. Scientific Novelty: Methods for forecasting natural meteorological phenomena in Ukraine and worldwide were analyzed and compared. The study of global experience in responding to and forecasting natural meteorological phenomena highlighted the most effective practices that can be adapted for Ukrainian realities. New approaches were proposed for integrating modern technologies, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), into the processes of flood forecasting and risk management. Practical Significance: The results of the analysis can be useful for finding ways to implement certain norms of European water legislation on catastrophic floods into the legislative acts of Ukraine. This will contribute to improving flood forecasting and response, reducing risks, and minimizing negative impacts on the population and infrastructure. Practical recommendations can be utilized by government authorities, local governments, and specialized services to develop effective water resource management strategies and flood protection measures.