БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ СОРТОВ БАЗИЛИКА ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ В ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

New varieties of basil created by breeders over the past 15 years differ in their morpho-biological characteristics and need to be assessed for adaptability to specific climatic and soil conditions in a particular growing region. In 2021-2023 In the Leningrad region, on the experimental field of St. Petersburg State University, an agrobiological assessment of 11 varieties of basil from the collection of the All-Russian Research Institute named after N.I. was carried out. Vavilov when growing them for greens in a film greenhouse: Yerevan, Green Openwork, Georgia, Emerald, Mauritanian, Metallica, Moskvoretsky Semko, Red Ruby, Stella, Troll and Magician. The Yerevan variety was chosen as a control option. According to biometric indicators, the varieties Stella, Troll, Mavritansky, Moskvoretsky Semko stood out: height 40-47 cm, number of side shoots 12.5-14.5 pcs., number of leaves 133-164 pcs. The highest yield of basil greens, 19-32 % higher than the control variant (1.87 kg/m2), was formed by the varieties Stella and Georgia - 2.47 kg/m2, Charodey - 2.4 kg/m2, Moskvoretsky Semko 2.27 kg/m2 and Mauritanian 2.23 kg/m2. When analyzing the chemical indicators of fresh basil greens, the following varieties Izumrud, Azhur green, Moskvoretsky Semko, Charodey, Stella were identified for their high amount of ascorbic acid - 5.2-5.9 mg/100g, varieties Izumrud, Charodey for their high chlorophyll content 196-204 mg /100g, and varieties Charodey and Troll for their high amount of carotenoids - 20-22.3 mg/100g. Among dried herbs, the maximum data on a set of chemical indicators were obtained from the basil varieties Charodey, Stella, and Moskvoretsky Semko. Dried basil greens of the Izumrud, Azhur green and Charodey varieties retained the most ascorbic acid - 18.2-21.3 mg/100g. The highest amount of carotenoids in dried basil greens was noted in the varieties Charodey - 88.1 mg/100g and Troll - 80.6 mg/100g. In terms of the amount of chlorophyll, the leading varieties are Izumrud - 706 mg/100g, Charodey - 632 mg/100g, Moskvoretsky Semko - 619 mg/100g.