Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of such value guidelines of legal awareness and legal culture of the Hetmanate as justice and humanism. Their durability, connection with previous eras, and continuity for future generations are substantiated. Stating that the society of the studied era was stratified, and therefore the axiological orientations of different social groups could differ, the author mainly considers the common values inherent in the legal awareness and legal culture of all structural components of the Ukrainian society at that time, namely fairness, truth, justice, humanism. Attention is focused on the fact that these values constitute the basis of the idea of law, express its essence, and this is how law was perceived by Ukrainian society – as God's command, the support of the world order, the eternally just value. This testified to the high level of its legal awareness and legal culture. The content of the axiological guidelines of legal awareness and legal culture of the Hetmanate is illustrated through the analysis of legal acts, monuments of legal thought, poetic and journalistic works, folk art. In particular, they include the 1743 Code "Laws for which the Little Russian people are judged", the 1730 Instruction to the Courts of Hetman D. Apostol, the political and legal treatise of the graduate and later teacher of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Mykhailo Kozachynskyi "Philosophy of Aristotelianism" (1744), works of the Ukrainian philosopher, poet, cossack Semen Klymovskyi. Folk art is represented by Ukrainian proverbs and sayings, which give an idea of the everyday level of legal awareness, feelings, views, ideas of Ukrainians regarding law, its meaning and value characteristics. Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that such value categories as fairness, justice, and humanism were rooted in the legal awareness and legal culture of both the Cossack-elderly elite and the ordinary Cossacks, the bourgeoisie, and even the peasantry with its orientation to eternal Christian virtues, among which truth, justice, mercy, humanity, equality play an important role. Such ideas were not formed in an empty place, but were inherited from the previous Kyiv-Rus’ and Lithuanian-Polish eras. Therefore, the succession of value markers at the level of all its constituent parts, including legal awareness and legal culture, is clearly tracked in the legal system of the Hetmanate. The perceptions, feelings, evaluations, views, theories, ideas of representatives of Ukrainian society regarding justice and humanism, as for that era, were quite progressive and reflected the European style of thinking.
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