Взаимосвязи между технологическими процессами добычи полезных ископаемых на открытых горных работах

Abstract

Introduction. High productivity in mining processes is possible only with sufficient consistency between mining processes: drilling – blasting – excavation – transportation. The relationships between drilling and blasting processes are most well studied, although there are also a number of issues related to the interpretation of data and the choice of efficiency criteria. The further link between blasting by excavation and transportation is incomplete, therefore, there is no clear direction of systematic and coordinated cost optimization in the mining processes. Getting efficiency in one process can lead to inefficiency of adjacent processes. Therefore, it is desirable that the criteria for the efficiency of work were universal and, at the same time, could reflect the individual specifics of the process. The purpose of the research. The purpose of the research was to establish links between mining processes by taking into account their energy characteristics. Research methodology. In the course of the research, modeling of the processes of drilling wells, explosive destruction, and excavation was widely used. Methods of mathematical statistics, system analysis, synthesis, modeling and field experiments were used to identify the relationships. Model representations were compared with practical data and boundary conditions were specified. Research results. As a result of the research, a universal characteristic of the process has been established, which is the energy consumption per 1 cubic meter (J/m3 ). In the case of drilling and blasting geometrically, these are the energy costs spent on destroying the volume of rock beaten off by one well. For excavation, this is the energy for excavation and loading of rock mass, the properties of which are dependent on the energy of explosive destruction and the quality of the explosion, characterized by the geometric parameters of the collapse and the intensity of excavation work. Conclusion. It is revealed that the establishment of energy relationships between the extraction processes allows not only to evaluate their efficiency, but also opens up the possibility to regulate the specified loading intensity by calculating the number of cycles required for the face and timely delivery of the appropriate number of vehicles, and can also be the basis for more accurate statements of optimization problems, including taking into account anisotropy the mountain range and the variety of influencing organizational and technological factors of mining operations. It is advisable to develop further research in the direction of processing, as suggested by I. A. Tangaev. To link the energy parameters of drilling – blasting – excavation – transportation – crushing – crushing. Considering that modern systems of dispatching and monitoring of mining machines allow collecting real-time information from sensors of the main nodes of working mining equipment, and network technologies allow tracking this in real time, then matching energy costs in processes, or changing their balance, allows you to quickly identify the efficiency or inefficiency of work. This can significantly affect the practice of making managerial decisions.