Пряжки в культуре кочевников Алтая жужанского времени (по материалам памятника Яломан-II)

Abstract

The article presents the experience of the study of the buckles found in the process of the excavation of the mounds of the Zguzhan time on the Yaloman-2 burial ground. The monument is located in the Onguday district of the Altai Republic (Russia). The presented collection includes 17 items: ten belts buckles, four bridle buckles, three girth buckles. The classification of the given objects has been made and their comparison with the already known objects from the monuments of the late antiquity and the early Middle Ages in other regions of Eurasia has been carried out. This approach allowed establishing a chronology of different modifications of the buckles of the Bulan-Koba archaeological culture. The typological analysis demonstrated the influence of Central Asian traditions on the genesis of belt and girth buckles of Altai nomads in the 2nd half of the 4th century - 1st half of the 5th century BC. The research of the T-shaped buckles of two types indicates that their origin is independent from the origin of similar products popular in Europe. Buckles with the fixed peg most likely came to Altai from the territory of Tuva. They act as a chronological indicator of the burials of the Bulan-Koba culture of the 4 - 5th centuries AD. The initial stage of the use of horn buckles with a movable latch refers to the 4th century AD. Their origin is linked to the Syanbi cultural tradition. The published material is an informative source to clarify the relative chronology of the monuments of South Siberia of the Zhuzhan time, as well as to reconstruct the Altai nomads life supporting system of the pre-Turkic period.