СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ ТА КУЛЬТУРНО-ОСВІТНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ (1917 – СЕРЕДИНА 20-Х РР. ХХ СТ.)

Abstract

The article considers the socio-political preconditions for the formation of the national system of historical education (1917 – middle of 20s of the XXth century); The peculiarities of the development of historical education in the „days of national revival“ (1917-1920 the first years of Soviet government) are given, considering that at this stage the national system of historical education of Ukraine was formed, and the transformation of historical education in educational institutions was analyzed. It is noted that the period 1917 – middle of 20s of the XX century was extremely important in the history of historical education, because it became the starting point, the period of its formation. During this favorable period of political revival of Ukraine, the creation and development of national education took place, so it is characterized by certain extremely positive innovations: History as a discipline was studied from elementary school and high schools to higher education (at institutes and universities). The transformation of state universities and pedagogical institutes into centers of national culture of Ukrainian studies was the merit of the hetman's governments, but frequent changes of government prevented the implementation of progressive ideas and bills aimed at creating a national school in Ukraine and training teachers for it. 20s of the XXth century became a period of further national revival. Of particular importance in this was Ukrainization - the forced policy of the Bolsheviks in the national and cultural sphere, who sought to secure the support of the entire population of Ukraine. Ukrainization during the Soviet era brought the national school of Ukraine back to life for a while. However, as soon as Ukrainization began to go beyond the limits allowed by the center, the authorities made efforts to curtail it, active participants in Ukrainization were removed from public and educational activities, and some of them were repressed. Thus, certain achievements of Ukrainization achieved by the Ukrainian school were neutralized and thus the transition to full Sovietization of education took place. Imposing its vision, the Soviet government radically changed the further development of education in Ukraine, and later in the USSR. The Soviet leadership needed Ukraine as an obedient cog in the mechanism of governing the state in the context of the accession of new territories, so it continued to make considerable efforts to implement its plan. The formation of the necessary worldview of citizens and public opinion relied on education, so in the future all changes in educational activities were strictly regulated by party resolutions and "corrected" depending on needs and political expediency.