ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА ПОРОД КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН ПО АНТИГЕННЫМ ЭРИТРОЦИТАРНЫМ ФАКТОРАМ

Abstract

The article analyzes the genetic structure of antigenic erythrocyte factors of dairy, dairy-meat and meat breeds of cattle bred in breeding farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The data on the level of genetic variability and immunogenetic similarity of the studied breeding groups of animals were obtained. It was found that all breeds have a high concentration of antigens F, A2, H', C2, Z and a low concentration of antigens G1, J2', U". In the studied sample of cows there are no two antigenic factors – G' and B' in cows of Limousine breed. In general, genetic similarity indices between breeds range from 0,790 to 0,937. At the same time, planned breeds (Black-mottled, Simmental and Bestuzhevskaya), bred on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan for a long time, regardless of whether they are dairy or combined directions of productivity, are closer in genetic relation to each other and are approximately equidistant from each other. The lowest immunogenetic similarity was found between breeds of meat productivity direction. The greatest number of antigens found in the blood of animals Simmental and Bestuzhevskaya breeds from 12,2 to 12,0, respectively. The average number of antigenic erythrocyte factors in animals of meat breeds is about the same as in black-and – white cows (9,0–10,8). Thus, it can be stated that the studied breeds of cattle of Bashkortostan formed their own unique allelofund antigenic erythrocyte factors of blood, which characterizes their originality, associated not only with the intensity of use of producers of different origin, but also the processes that contribute to the possibility of adaptation of animals in specific environmental conditions.