Повышение рациональности использования водных ресурсов Чограйского водохранилища на основе имитационного водохозяйственного моделирования

Abstract

Purpose: to develop scenarios for filling and rational exploitation of the Chograi reservoir under the conditions of water resources shortage of (to conduct water balance studies). Materials and methods. The analysis of the use and distribution of water resources of the Chograi reservoir was carried out on the basis of actual data obtained for the period 2016–2020. To conduct water balance studies, a simulation water management model has been developed. It is based on the water allocation regime established in 2020. Results and discussion. Three possible scenarios for water management situation development in the Chograi reservoir have been developed, from which the optimal one has been selected. As the initial conditions for modeling, the regimes of water supply through the Tersko-Kumsky and Kumo-Manychsky canals, as well as water intake into the Chernozemelsky irrigation and watering system (CHOS) through the Chernozemelsky main canal were used. It was found that the actual value of water intake from the Terek river exceeded the plan, but remained below the water intake limit. Thus, it is possible to increase the volume of water supply to the reservoir due to withdrawal up to the values of the permitted limit. The analysis shows that the largest volume of water resources is used for feeding water bodies and for estuary irrigation. The second largest volume taken from the Chograi reservoir is the water supply through the bottom spillway to the downstream of the hydroelectric complex in the Eastern Manych river with expenditures exceeding sanitary releases. It is possible to reduce the consumed water resources by optimizing water management at the CHOS and reducing discharges. Conclusions. An optimal scenario for filling and rational operation of the Chograi reservoir has been developed, the fulfillment of the conditions of which will ensure the filling of the reservoir to the level of 20.35 m BS. At the same time, the volume of filling will be 209.75 million m³. The development of the water management situation according to the scenario under consideration will provide water resources for the CHOS for the period 2021–2022.