Музей и Церковь: проблемы взаимодействия (на примере ситуации Приморского края Российской Федерации)

Introduction. The importance of the transition to the development of joint decisions by local self-government bodies in cooperation with civil society institutions within the framework of local self-government issues is due to the processes of democratization, decentralization and the establishment of "good governance". Bringing the level of participatory democracy to the level of partnership requires a completely different level of trust and the presence of a positive practice of interaction. However, under the conditions of martial law, Ukraine is faced not only with the problems of repelling aggression from the Russian Federation, but also with destructive propaganda in the conditions of incomplete decentralization and democratization reforms. At the same time, major global disruptions, including Russian aggression against Ukraine and climate change, have underscored the importance of strengthening governance in democracies – and citizens' trust in them. Based on doctrinal studies and analysis of legislation, the main groups of problems in the sphere of interaction between local self-government bodies and civil society have been determined. The purpose of the study is to highlight the actual problems of interaction between local self-government bodies and institutions of civil society in the conditions of martial law. First, problems should be systematized and grouped by content and the order and sequence of steps to solve them should be determined. Summary of the main results of the study. The current problems of interaction between local self-government bodies and institutions of a democratic society can be grouped in the following directions: 1. Low level of involvement/participation in the institutions of participatory democracy. The reasons may be a formal approach, a lack of trust and an appropriate level of interaction, which allows effective influence on decision-making by local self-government bodies and officials; 2. The need for updating and the need to eliminate gaps in the current legal acts. At the same time, local acts also need updating; 3. Typicality and pattern in relation to interaction, without considering local features. It is important to avoid "implanting" the institution of interaction through the adoption of standard documents. In terms of the investigated problem, it should be noted that many recommendations for interaction are contained in by-laws; 4. Low level of implementation of participatory participation. Certain types of participatory democracy are regulated by local acts. For example, local councils are authorized to adopt the charter of a territorial community, which establishes the procedure for holding meetings in the relevant territory, the right to submit electronic petitions, participate in elections and local referenda, etc. Conclusion. In view of the conducted research, the following problems of interaction should be singled out: low level of involvement/participation in the institutions of participatory democracy; the need for updating and the need to eliminate gaps in current legal acts; typicality and pattern in relation to interaction, without considering local features; low level of implementation of participatory participation. Each group of problems requires separate attention, and not only legal scholars. Considering the above areas that need improvement, a general strategy for the expansion and development of institutions of participatory democracy in combination with good governance and democratization should be developed. The issue of implementing institutions of participatory democracy at the "partnership" level is a promising direction for further research. We should warn against fragmentary and unnecessary changes to the Constitution of Ukraine. The full-scale aggression against Ukraine demonstrated the low level of guarantees for local self-government, and many important changes to the legislation were made already in May 2022. Of course, all this should be taken into account when developing a new draft of amendments to the Constitution within the framework of the completion of constitutional and municipal reforms. At the same time, firstly, the changes should not negate the positive achievements of the reforms, and secondly, they should contribute to eliminating the shortcomings of the local self-government reform. Updates should be balanced, sufficient and implemented only, if necessary, while maintaining the course for Ukraine's membership in the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The development of cultural ties and cooperation between Russia and China in the field of education correlates with the current strategy of internationalization of Russian universities. Many Russian universities today tend to develop partnerships with Chinese universities. In particular, the number of Chinese students studying in Russian universities constantly increases; academic exchange programs are successfully implemented, the number of scientific contacts between representatives of universities of the two countries grows. The implementation of such cooperation is accompanied by problems of social and cultural interaction in the field of education of Russian and Chinese students. The general purpose of the study was to identify the axiological component in the interaction of Russian and Chinese students in the space of the Russian university. Chinese students who study in Yekaterinburg universities (390 people), Russian students who study/live with Chinese (500 people), 10 Chinese experts, 10 Russian experts in the field of education in Russia and China were interviewed. The results suggest that the Russian students find the values of hedonistic nature – love and pleasure – to be more important than the Chinese ones, while the Chinese students consider study and personal security to be most important (and this is determined by the goals of coming to Russia and the conditions of staying in the territory of a foreign country). Nevertheless, it cannot be said that the values of students from the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China differ radically and may interfere with the productive socio-cultural interaction between them. Besides, the great importance of such values as world peace and love of country for Chinese students can be the basis for attracting them to participate in the activities of patriotic and cultural student associations that already exist in the Ural universities. The practical significance of the results obtained is that the identified problems of socio-cultural interaction between Chinese and Russian students make it possible to develop technologies for optimizing the socio-cultural interaction of foreign students in Russian universities, which is especially important in the initial stages of their education in Russia. Among the recommendations for optimizing the process of entering Chinese students into Russian universities (in addition to Russian language classes) are joint Russian-Chinese leisure and holiday events, joint social student associations (volunteering, tourism, music, etc.), excursion programs aimed at acquaintance with the culture of the host country, the joint interaction of Russian and Chinese students in social networks and messenger apps.

This article is aimed at considering stages and problems of interaction of different types between residents of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation at different historic periods. The authors cover the following research questions: firstly, to provide the description of stages of Chinese-Russian interaction at different historic periods, secondly, to discover the traces of economic and political cooperation between 2 countries in culture and language, thirdly, to investigate modern perception of inter-regional interaction by Russians. Three major periods can be distinguished in the history of relations between China and Russia: the period of the relation formation between the Chinese and Russian empires, the period of Soviet-Chinese relations and the modern period that began after the collapse of the USSR. Each of these periods has its own specifics, while being the basis for expanding bilateral contacts in subsequent years. Clearly, since 17th c. those three periods have differently, but constantly contributed to the mutual perception of both. During this time, between Russia and China there were periods overshadowed by confrontation and even a complete break. At the turn of the 20th-21st centuries, the parties managed to bring the dialogue to a strategic partnership. Nevertheless, among the inhabitants and the elite of Russia, a negative attitude to the processes of bilateral cooperation is also noticeable.

The subject of the study was the theoretical heritage of prominent Russian statesmen of the second half of the XIX century – Vasily Nikolaevich Leshkov (1810-1881) and Vladimir Matveevich Hessen (1868-1920). The initial position of the concepts of "public law" and "rule of law" developed by them is the thesis that in the conditions of the formation of the rule of law, it is necessary to fully develop the institution of civil society – the sphere of manifestation of initiatives of free citizens and voluntarily formed organizations. The causal relationship of the problem of interaction between the state, society and the individual is revealed; the ideas of V. N. Leshkov and V. M. Hessen about the subjects of "public law" and "subjective law" are characterized. The concepts of "public law" and "rule of law", reflected in the theoretical heritage of V. N. Leshkov and V. M. Hessen, which has not received proper understanding to date, are characterized. An assessment is given to the conclusions of V. N. Leshkov and V. M. Gessen that society is considered as the most important subject of management activity in the state. It is concluded that in the conditions of building a developed civil society in the Russian Federation, the concepts of "public law" and "rule of law" require a comprehensive analysis and clarification of their significance for the transformation of the state-legal reality of modern Russia.

The article deals with the problem of interaction between the Russian and Chinese languages in the border area of the Russian-Chinese territory (Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk; People’s Republic of China, Heihe), where the Far Eastern variant of the Russian-Chinese pidgin is used as a means of communication. The authors analyse its grammatical peculiarities. The research of this variant of pidgin has shown that it is not so much a simplified language as the result of the significant restructuring of the two interacting languages. It originated and is used on the lexical basis of the Russian language and the grammatical basis of the Chinese language as an isolating language. This is a model of a contact language conditioned by its pragmatic function.

The aim of the study is to develop an effective approach to formulating and adjusting the return policy of large e-commerce companies in the Russian Federation taking into account the interests of e-commerce and marketplace participants. Research methodology includes modern methods of multi-criterial choice accounting for the preferences of decision makers. The paper provides an up-to-date assessment of actual return policy in e-commerce companies in the Russian Federation, and also proposes a multi-criterial approach to solving the problems of interfunctional and interorganizational interaction when choosing return policy parameters, taking into account legal restrictions and the interests of e-commerce marketplace participants. The practice of implementing the return policy is assessed in this study in view of insufficient high-quality urban warehouses, as well as limited ability to hire new couriers for deliveries on the “last mile” to the customers’ doors. The paper also discusses the prospects for the synthesis of a multicriteria approach and single-criteria optimization models of return flows route network.

The article is aimed at analyzing the modern problems of correlation and interaction of the parliamentary and public control institutions in the Russian Federation. The author investigates various points of view regarding the legal nature of parliamentary and public control in our country, analyzes the common features and differ-ences of the above-mentioned legal institutions. Major problems hindering the interaction and development of parliamentary and public control in the Russian Federation are formalized and studied. A system of measures to resolve these problems has been developed and substantiated, including the need to: a) formalize the insti-tution of public control in the Constitution of the Russian Federation; b) increase the number of subjects of par-liamentary and public control; c) expand the scope of their powers; d) consolidate various forms of interaction of the above-mentioned subjects; e) introduce a system for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of public and parliamentary control, including the use of modern digital technologies.

Ensuring national security and measures to protect it are at the heart of the prosperity of any State and its people. The Russian Federation's modern national security system, which is a complex, multi-level system, plays a vital role in ensuring state and public security. The elements of this system are represented by security at various levels, interacting and functioning through direct and feedback links. An important direction of the Russian Federation's National Security Strategy is consolidating law enforcement agencies and civil society institutions to create positive external and internal conditions to implement national interests and priorities. In this article, the author examines the activities of law enforcement agencies aimed at ensuring national security and issues of interaction. The problem of law enforcement agencies' effectiveness in ensuring the Russian Federation's national security is also considered based on an analysis of regulatory legal acts and the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. The system of safeguarding and protecting national security is considered in the totality of subjects in interaction, as well as various bodies, forces, and means of ensuring security at a national level, provided through existing legal norms. What determines the necessary relevance of the important issues under consideration in the current situation?

The modern Russia has seen mixed trends in the territorial organization of the State, constructing and functioning of public authorities. Until recently, virtually all aspects of territorial-power organization of the Russian State were analyzed in the context of the theory of federalism and local government theory. However, Russian and foreign political and legal practices indicate that not all doctrinal design clusters of public Dominion fit into the boundaries of the detailed theories of form of the territorial organization of the State (federalism, regionalism, unitary) and local self-government (local government). The public-imperious mechanism operates not only in the territories, public law entities (Federal State as a whole, the subjects of the Federation, municipalities), but also in other areas (administrative-territorial, administrative units), established by taking into account various, including non-legal factors (so it has been throughout the history of Russian statehood, including monarchical and Soviet periods). The examples of administrative-territorial units in the Russian Federation are Federal districts, administrative (management, educational) district in some subjects of the Russian Federation, territorial development zones, the territory of rapid socio-economic development, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, free port of Vladivostok, Russian Arctic Zone, urban agglomerations, etc. The modern Russia de facto introduces new levels of public authority and public administration - subfederal (interregional), subregional (intermunicipal), submunicipal (intersettlement). In addition, the Russian Federation is a party to a number of intergovernmental institutions, recognizing the jurisdiction of the relevant supranational bodies. In the prevailing realities on one and the same territory, public authorities can simultaneously operate at various levels, as well as non-State actors (including businesses) with separate powers. In this regard, the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction and inter-level interactions between different public authorities is becoming more topical. The article not only formulates some theoretical judgments on the designated theme, but also the possible directions of doctrinal and enforcement problems (in particular, in relation to the municipal level of publicly-imperious mechanism).

Introduction: the problem of preventing extremism among minors, which has not lost its current relevance, deserves special attention. It is quite specific; it concerns the prospects of the future generation. Among other tasks that the Prosecutor’s Office faces, the prevention of juvenile delinquency, including of extremist orientation, is particularly important. Not only the state and trends of crime of extremism in the future, but also the moral climate in Russian society, largely depend on how this task is solved with the help of the prosecutor’s supervision. The purpose of the study: to identify and characterize the priority areas for improving the activities of the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation in the context of preventing crimes of extremism among minors. The objectives of the study: to identify and describe the problems of the prosecutor’s supervision for the prevention of crimes of extremism among minors; to assess the coordination activities of the law enforcement agencies to combat youth extremism; to develop recommendations for improving the prosecutor’s supervision in the field of preventing crimes of extremism among minors. The methodological framework for the study is represented by a system of methods of scientific knowledge, which should include: the general scientific, systemic, institutional and comparative legal ones. Results: the main problems in the activities of the prosecutor’s office for the prevention of extremist juvenile delinquency are identified, which the authors of the paper refer to: formalism; the lack of an individual approach to preventive work; the problems of interdepartmental interaction. The authors point out the need to improve the legal regulation of the prosecutor’s status as a coordinator and one of the key subjects of the prevention of offenses of extremism. Conclusions: to increase the efficiency of the prosecutor’s supervision in the field of preventing crimes of extremism among minors, it is advisable: to introduce the innovative methods and technologies for influencing juvenile offenders involved in extremist activities (for example, mediation); to improve the mechanism of interaction of all subjects of the system of prevention of juvenile crimes; not formal, but thorough the supervision of the activities of the supervised subjects of prevention and others; to create the specialized units in the structure of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor’s offices of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which could combine all areas of the prosecutor’s supervision over compliance with the legislation on juvenile affairs, including countering extremist activities of minors; to improve the level of professional training and qualification of young employees of the prosecutor’s office, determining the efficiency of the prosecutor’s office, based on the indicators of the real restoration of the rights and freedoms of citizens.

Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed livestock and wild animals. Europe, North America and Oceania have long been FMD free; at the same time, the virus is widely spread in Asian and African countries. In the period from 2010 to March 2019, FMD was notified to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) by 89 countries of the world. Local FMD outbreaks were also reported in several regions of the Russian Federation throughout this period. The research was aimed at studying some characteristics of the FMD epidemic process in the Russian Federation. The undertaken epidemiological analysis covers the Russian Federation regions where FMD outbreaks were reported between 2010 and March 2019. During the period under consideration, FMD cases were reported in 9 regions of the Russian Federation, mainly in the settlements located in close proximity to the Russia-China and Russia-Mongolia international borders. Most of the outbreaks were caused by serotype O and A FMD viruses. In most cases, FMD was reported in cattle and pigs and, less frequently, in sheep and goats. The analysis of the FMD epidemic situation in the Russian Federation Subjects was performed through epidemic process assessment based on the following estimates: the proportion of infected settlements, epidemic, contagiousness and morbidity rates. The Zabaykalsky and Primorsky Krais have a lead in the number of infected settlements. The highest morbidity rate in pigs was recorded in the Primorsky Krai, in cattle – in the Amur Oblast. The epidemic rate was the highest in the Primorsky and Zabaykalsky Krais. The Primorsky Krai also accounted for the highest contagiousness rates in 2014 and 2019 when FMD occurred on several large pig farms.

The paper investigates the issue of the unity of labor law in the context of development of legalization of so-called new, atypical forms of employment in European countries and their forthcoming (and partially already completed) legalization in the Russian Federation. The author has analized some negative features of atypical forms of employment, the preservation of which can threaten the unity and integrity of labor law. the paper highlights the inadmissibility of reducing the uniform standard of labor rights and focuses on problems in the institution of labour remuniration and protection. On the basis of the analysis of elements characterizing the unity of labor law, the author describes deviations from the classical features of labor relations that sometimes lead to shifting employers’ (entrepreneurial) risk on the person involved in hired labor.The author concludes that the extension of the scope of application of the provisions of Chapter 53.1 of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation (albeit in a very limited scope) to employees working in government authorities and the public sector is a very disturbing trend. Traditionally, the budget sphere is seen as low-paid stable employment. The introduction of non-permanent, atypical employment into the public sector reduces the low level of employment rights of employees in the public sector. The development of atypical forms of employment not only actively affect the informal employment sector, but also invade the field of “traditional” relations, setting incorrect directions of HR policies. In this regard, acts adopted by the legislator in the case of legalization of one of the atypical forms of employment must be strictly correlated with the fundamental principles of labor law, the concept of a uniform labor relation and basic rights of the employee, which will prevent the destruction of the unity of labor law.

PURPOSE. To conduct a descriptive epidemiological study of glaucoma in the Far Eastern Federal District covering the years 2012 to 2019. METHODS. The study uses data of the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics (FRIHOI) covering the 2012–2019 time period, as well as data from the register of the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (UIISS) and the Federal State Statistics Service (FSSS). Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2019. Diagrams and a cartogram were built to visualize the obtained data. The reliability of the trend line was determined by the value of approximation. A trend is a tendency of changes in the studied time series. In this work, we used a linear approximation — a straight line that best describes the time course of incidence and prevalence. The significance of linear regression was checked using the F-test to determine the quality of the regression model. The coefficient of determination was also used to indicate the dependence of the variability of prevalence on time. A linear regression model was used to predict the prevalence of glaucoma in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District; 91% of the total variability of prevalence in the Russian Federation is explained by a change in the time parameter, while 86% in the Far Eastern Federal District indicates a high accuracy of the selection of trend equations. RESULTS. According to the study, in the 2012–2019 years there was a significant increase in the incidence of glaucoma in the Primorsky Krai (PK) amounting to 8%. Over the observed period, a significant increase in the prevalence of glaucoma is noted in the Republic of Buryatia (6.9%), and in the Magadan Region (5%). At the same time, the highest incidence and prevalence of glaucoma was noted in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — 105.4 cases and 1551.6 cases per 100 000 population. The expected prevalence of glaucoma in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2020 is 895–999.7 per 100 000 population, in 2021 — 908–1020.2; in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) in 2020 — 783.7–961.3 per 100 000 population, in 2021 — 799.5–989.8. The largest proportion of glaucoma was found among the population of the Magadan Region (16%) and Yakutia (13.8%), the smallest in the Amur Region (5%) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (5.7%). CONCLUSION. The dynamics of glaucoma incidence in the Far Eastern Federal District is uneven, which corresponds to the epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation as a whole. But the prevalence and proportion of glaucoma in the structure of diseases of the eye and adnexa in the FEFD are characterized by negative dynamics in comparison with country-wide. At the same time, even within the regions of the FEFD, the incidence and prevalence of glaucoma is mosaic, which predisposes to studying the influence of factors on glaucoma incidence.

PURPOSE. To conduct a descriptive epidemiological study of glaucoma in the Far Eastern Federal District covering the years 2012 to 2019.METHODS. The study uses data of the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics (FRIHOI) covering the 2012–2019 time period, as well as data from the register of the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (UIISS) and the Federal State Statistics Service (FSSS). Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2019. Diagrams and a cartogram were built to visualize the obtained data. The reliability of the trend line was determined by the value of approximation. A trend is a tendency of changes in the studied time series. In this work, we used a linear approximation — a straight line that best describes the time course of incidence and prevalence. The significance of linear regression was checked using the F-test to determine the quality of the regression model. The coefficient of determination was also used to indicate the dependence of the variability of prevalence on time. A linear regression model was used to predict the prevalence of glaucoma in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District; 91% of the total variability of prevalence in the Russian Federation is explained by a change in the time parameter, while 86% in the Far Eastern Federal District indicates a high accuracy of the selection of trend equations.RESULTS. According to the study, in the 2012–2019 years there was a significant increase in the incidence of glaucoma in the Primorsky Krai (PK) amounting to 8%. Over the observed period, a significant increase in the prevalence of glaucoma is noted in the Republic of Buryatia (6.9%), and in the Magadan Region (5%). At the same time, the highest incidence and prevalence of glaucoma was noted in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — 105.4 cases and 1551.6 cases per 100 000 population. The expected prevalence of glaucoma in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2020 is 895–999.7 per 100 000 population, in 2021 — 908–1020.2; in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) in 2020 — 783.7–961.3 per 100 000 population, in 2021 — 799.5–989.8. The largest proportion of glaucoma was found among the population of the Magadan Region (16%) and Yakutia (13.8%), the smallest in the Amur Region (5%) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (5.7%).CONCLUSION. The dynamics of glaucoma incidence in the Far Eastern Federal District is uneven, which corresponds to the epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation as a whole. But the prevalence and proportion of glaucoma in the structure of diseases of the eye and adnexa in the FEFD are characterized by negative dynamics in comparison with country-wide. At the same time, even within the regions of the FEFD, the incidence and prevalence of glaucoma is mosaic, which predisposes to studying the influence of factors on glaucoma incidence.

The article discusses the problems of budgetary institutions interaction in a cluster operating within the framework of social tourism. Starting 2011, in the Russian Federation the concepts and various development programs of tourist and recreation areas (target, targeted, investment) are being developed. In this connection, the authors touch upon the question of the social policy effectiveness, which is regulated by the state, but with that the conditions for the services development are not created. The question of social tourism clusters is raised separately. They can flexibly respond to the quantitative and qualitative parameters of demand of both individual tourists and corporate clients. The authors present the social tourism system tools, including the program of activities, which are carried out within the framework of the Federal Target Program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation 2011-2018".