Безопасность труда в промышленных зданиях из железобетона после огневого воздействия при пожаре

Problem statement. Construction is one of the most important sectors of the national economy, ensuring the creation and reconstruction of buildings and structures and infrastructure facilities. In modern construction, there are constant changes in building structures made of various materials; spatial planning and design solutions for industrial buildings; rational design and operating conditions of building structures and buildings and structures; improvement of technology and organization of construction processes related to the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures and their complexes, in particular in special conditions; design of technological processes and organization of construction production using modern information support and computer technology; comprehensive mechanization and automation of construction processes. There are also changes in the planning and organization of construction work, due to the introduction of building information modeling technologies in combination with artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. Installation work is a leading complex process in the construction of buildings, the quality and durability of the building's operation will depend on the characteristics of its execution. In this regard, research devoted to the issues of variant design of the organization of installation of structures of single-story buildings of industrial enterprises depending on production conditions is relevant and timely. The purpose of the work: development of scientifically based recommendations regarding the system of factors that determine the specifics of the technology and organization of installation of structures during the reconstruction of industrial one-story buildings. The formulated goal necessitated the solution of the following tasks: analysis of foreign and domestic experience, legislative acts, regulatory documents on the performance of works on the installation of industrial building structures during the reconstruction of existing industrial enterprises; analysis of the features of architectural, spatial planning and constructive solutions of industrial buildings and the conditions of production of works during the reconstruction of industrial buildings; to substantiate the system of factors that have a decisive influence on the duration, cost and labor intensity of the reconstruction of industrial single-story buildings. The object of research: the process of installing structures of single-story industrial buildings during the reconstruction of existing enterprises. The subject of the research: architectural, spatial planning and structural solutions of industrial one-story buildings; organizational and technological solutions for the production of installation works during the reconstruction of existing enterprises. Research methods: analysis and generalization; systems theory and systems analysis; modeling of production processes, methods of organizational and technological modeling. Practical significance of the results obtained: the results of the work performed can be used in creating models for predicting the values of technical and economic indicators (duration, cost, labor intensity) of projects for the reconstruction of industrial one-story buildings. Main part. Substantiation of the system of factors that reflect the features of architectural, spatial planning and constructive solutions of industrial buildings and the specifics of the conditions for the production of works during the reconstruction of industrial one-story buildings and have a decisive influence on the duration, cost and labor intensity of the reconstruction of industrial one-story buildings to compare alternative organizational and technological solutions for the reconstruction of industrial buildings and choose the most rational one, various technical and economic indicators of the efficiency of construction work are used. Conclusions. To predict the values of technical and economic indicators within the existing resource and time constraints, a set of factors has been formed that influence the duration, cost and labor intensity of the reconstruction of industrial single-story buildings. Taking into account the complex influence of factors that reflect the features of the construction master plan, spatial planning decisions, design decisions, and the performance of installation and dismantling works will allow making informed decisions regarding the reconstruction of industrial one-story buildings. With the involvement of experts, 10 out of 20 factors were identified that reflect the specifics of the reconstruction of industrial one-story buildings and determine the effectiveness of organizational and technological solutions (duration, cost, labor intensity). To create models for predicting the values of technical and economic indicators of projects for the reconstruction of industrial one-story buildings, quantitative values of factors that have the greatest impact on technical and economic indicators were obtained.

The study is dedicated to the evaluation of the safety of personnel attending industrial buildings under vibrational impacts caused by industrial equipment. A general approach to the evaluation of vibrational safety of the objects of capital construction in Russia, in conditions of dynamic impacts caused by industrial equipment, based on the analysis of requirements for structures of buildings and facilities at the stages of design and operation, has been provided. The areas associated with buildings and facilities have been described, including the requirements for the mechanical safety of buildings and facilities. It has been noted that the properties of elements of building structures considered at the design stage in dynamic calculations of strength and stability of a building or facility may change during operation under workflow impacts that can cause fatigue manifestations in the construction materials. A strength calculation methodology for structural elements built on dynamic calculation considering the shift of supports of frame structures of production buildings and facilities has been provided. Recommendations on the reinforcement of embrittled bearing structures of industrial buildings in order to ensure the safety of attending personnel under vibrational impacts have been recommended. The main provisions and approaches to the determination of methods of building structures reinforcement in industrial buildings and facilities based on the function of the alignment of strength resistance of these elements in accordance with loads and impacts have been specified. The results of the implementation of these proposals will facilitate the efficiency increase of the processes of Russian industrial construction of buildings and facilities, upgrading the regulatory and engineering framework, ensuring the safety of production facilities, preserving the compliance of buildings and facilities with their functional purposes, mitigating the risk of damage to health and property of physical and legal bodies, state or municipal property and the environment.

У статті представлено огляд літературних джерел і нормативно-правових актів щодо визначення сутності тимчасових будівель та споруд і їх видів. Показано особливості формування і відображення в бухгалтерському обліку витрат на їх придбання чи спорудження залежно від очікуваного терміну експлуатації. На основі узагальнення специфічних характеристик досліджуваного об’єкта, який, залежно від терміну експлуатації, може належати до різних об’єктів бухгалтерського обліку, автором систематизовано порядок їх облікового відображення та надано рекомендації щодо його удосконалення.

As one of the least digitalized industries in the world, the building and construction sector has faced great challenges in sustainable growth. The high-fragmented structure and high threshold for R&D investment has prevented the building and construction industry from swift technological innovation. In many industries, artificial intelligence (AI) is producing revolution, e.g., retail, telecommunications, and helps make profits, improve efficiency, security and safety. But application of this advanced technology to building sector seems largely fall behind. AI is considered able to assist waste reduction by decision making on complexity, assist energy management (e.g., identify the black hole of energy consumption during operation, and data mining and machine learning of big data to optimize scenario for sustainability or enable real-time feedback and regulation during operation) in building and construction industry. Earlier research on technological innovation in Yangtze River Delta has revealed that AI has less than 10 records of patent filing in the dataset and has rarely mixed with other technologies so far. Different from other technologies that state owned enterprises more or less have a role in the knowledge production, applicant in the field of AI is mainly private in nature – the known companies are from Zhejiang. In view of these inadequacies, a broader look at how this technology is being used at greater geographic sphere is in need. This research broadens the search of patent applications in AI in the field of building construction to reveal the panorama of how this technology has been applied across the globe. It generates insights into the potential of AI in building industry and opens discussing forum for future.

The training manual sets out the current provisions of the organization of technical operation of residential, public and industrial buildings. The basic requirements for the preservation of existing buildings — their proper operation, maintenance of premises, structures and equipment, organization of repair, duties of engineering and technical personnel responsible for the operation of buildings. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation. For students majoring in "Urban construction and economy", can be used for training and advanced training of engineering and technical personnel responsible for the operation of residential, public and industrial buildings.

Purpose — The purpose of this paper is to document in part the study that was conducted for a research project ASHRAE RP-1650, which investigates the training requirements for sustainable high-performance building (HPB) operations and maintenance (O&M). This paper documents the intent, procedures and findings of a portion of the research project, which includes a survey of O&M practices for high performance buildings in the industry. The purpose of the survey as reported in this paper was to confirm and refine the level of understanding of KSCs for operating HPBs as perceived by O&M personnel in the industry. The details of the survey and the results are presented in this paper. The survey was sent out to facility managers in the industry who are involved with the O&M of HPB systems and equipment. 221 facility managers were surveyed in this study. Design/methodology/approach — This study utilizes a concurrent mixed-method research, which considers both qualitative and quantitative responses. Findings — The study found that while most technicians were ‘moderately well' to ‘very well' trained for the configuration and components as well as the installation, repair and replacement of different high performance equipment and systems, they lacked essential knowledge to address issues such as: controls; tracking of variables; programming and operation of modulation devices implemented in high-performance systems and equipment. This finding implied a lack of ‘Systems Thinking' approach, which the study found to be pertinent and essential for the O&M of HPB systems and equipment. Originality/value — The study is utilized to identify gaps between the training requirements for O&M of HPBs identified from the literature review of the research project and the current industry practices. The identified gaps are valuable to develop learning objectives for training programs that are aimed to train personnel responsible for the O&M of HPBs.

An extensive analysis of energy-efficient HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems for sustainable buildings is presented in this review study. Examining the most recent developments, advantages, difficulties, and potential future developments in the field of HVAC systems intended to improve energy efficiency and encourage sustainability in building operations is the main goal. An overview of the significance of energy-efficient HVAC systems in relation to sustainable building design and operation opens the review. It emphasizes how important HVAC systems are for lowering energy use, lessening the impact on the environment, and improving occupant comfort and wellbeing. The study explores a number of energyefficient HVAC technology categories, such as smart controls, ventilation techniques, and sophisticated heating and cooling systems. Every category is thoroughly investigated, emphasizing salient characteristics, performance indicators, and practical uses. The assessment also assesses the advantages of energy-efficient HVAC systems, including notable energy savings, lower operating expenses, better indoor air quality, and increased building resilience. The high upfront expenditures, implementation difficulty, and adapting existing facilities are some of the possible obstacles and hurdles to acceptance that are also covered. The integration of renewable energy sources, intelligent sensors and actuators, and predictive maintenance algorithms are just a few of the cuttingedge developments and trends in the field of energyefficient HVAC systems that are examined in this paper. These developments could improve energy efficiency even more, boost system dependability, and make proactive HVAC system control possible. The research concludes by highlighting the significance of energyefficient HVAC systems as a fundamental component of sustainable building practices. In order to overcome current obstacles and realize the full potential of energyefficient HVAC systems in supporting a more sustainable built environment, it emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research, innovation, and cooperation among stakeholders. All things considered, this thorough analysis offers insightful information about the state of energy-efficient HVAC technologies today, as well as their uses, advantages, and difficulties. It also highlights areas for future development and their critical role in reaching sustainability objectives in the building industry.

The purpose of this article is to present a typology of mechanisms for knowledge transfer from Facilities Management (FM) to building projects. One of the problems in the building industry is a limited degree of learning. The development of professional FM can be the missing link to bridge the gap between building operation and building design. In order to fulfil this role, facilities managers not only need the necessary competences but also appropriate methods and tools to be able to influence the building project. The research is based on literature reviews as well as various empirical studies. The typology is divided into two parts, both based on mechanisms of knowledge push and knowledge pull. The first part has the main focus on the effectiveness of the building requirements and design by knowledge transfer from FM to building project from the front end. Briefing is a central element in this part. The second part has the main focus on efficiency of building performance and operation by knowledge transfer from FM from the back end. Commissioning is a central element in this part. The typology consists of four mechanisms of front-end knowledge transfer and four mechanisms of back-end knowledge transfer.

Comparative analysis of reliability of non-destructive methods of strength control of concrete impregnated with vegetable oil: Basalt fiber for increasing the concrete strength

Purpose: to analyze the possible use of composite materials to strengthen stone structures of walls and pillars, to investigate the possible reduction of material consumption and labor intensity of innovative reinforcement options while increasing reliability and durability. Methods: analysis of the advantages of hybrid structures used for their design of materials, calculation of design options using existing engineering techniques and using calculation programs. Results: traditional structural solutions for strengthening stone structures do not always have sufficient reliability and durability. The disadvantages of the known solutions are the increased material consumption of the reinforcement structure due to excessive consumption of concrete, steel, excessive increase in cross-section, as well as insufficient operational reliability of the reinforcement structure associated with corrosion wear of steel elements. A number of effective hybrid structures using composite materials have been developed at the Department of „Building Structures, Buildings and Structures“ of PSUPS. The construction of the reinforcement of the wall, protected by a patent for the invention, is proposed. The reinforcement design includes reinforcement elements installed and fixed in the reinforced structure with the ability to work together with it. The reinforcement elements are made in the form of rows of composite rods mounted on a polymer solution in the transverse seams of the brickwork and forming reinforced layers along the height of the reinforced structure. The reinforcement elements in the upper part of the reinforced structure are made of carbon fiber fabric glued to the surface of the brick wall along the entire contour. A constructive calculation of reinforcement options was performed, an analysis was made of reducing the weight of the structure, material consumption, labor intensity and other advantages of an innovative solution in comparison with traditional reinforcement structures of stone structures. Practical significance: the advantages of composite materials in strengthening stone structures are revealed. The innovative reinforcement design has a lower weight of 2,5–4 times, while reducing the cost by 10–30 % compared to traditional designs and increasing durability. The proposed design solution can be rationally applied when reinforcing brick walls and pillars with an overload of up to 60–80%, and reinforcement can also be used to strengthen sections of walls damaged by sedimentary cracks.

Low ceiling heights, a lack of interior partitions, and the presence of factories or workshops are all characteristics of industrial building structures. These buildings frequently have low-rise steel frames and might incorporate gantry girders, which help support enormous loads. This study examines the structural behavior of industrial structures subjected to lateral loads like wind and seismic stresses using equivalent static analysis using ETABS v17.0.1. With regard to long-span roof structures in industrial buildings, the study specifically examines the performance of circular and square or rectangular steel tubes employed in truss formations. Key Words: Industrial Building Structures, Low-rise stell frames, girders

Analyzing the influence factors of the carbon emissions from China's building and construction industry from 2000 to 2015

The publication of the Brundtland Commission Report, popularly known as Our Common Future, was the precursor for what was to follow in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development or the Earth Summit. Both these events played a fundamental role in the global initiatives towards sustainability. The adoption of Agenda 21, a blueprint for sustainable development for the 21st century was a crucial agreement of the Rio Summit, which marked the beginning of an era where the term Sustainable Development came to be associated with all human interventions on planet earth. In this context, the building industry, which makes a significant impact on the social, environmental and economic well-being of the society, has a prime responsibility in meeting with sustainability requirements in all facets of the design, construction and operation of buildings. Currently efforts are being made by the building industry and the allied professions to adhere to sustainability norms by enhancing the current green building practices. The emergence of building environmental assessment (BEA) methods is such an attempt in addressing these issues, but is considered as insufficient to contend with the wider spectrum of sustainability. A technique to address complex attributes of sustainable performance of building projects has not been attempted before, owing to the dynamic nature of the concept of sustainability. This paper attempts to develop a framework to enhance current BEA methods, as the next stage of development towards meeting global sustainability initiatives. The main objective is to evolve a set of indicators that will assist in determining sustainability of a building. Three widely used BEA methods and Agenda 21, are analyzed, along with a focus group, to derive sustainability indicators. A total of 62 indicators under 10 categories are identified, some of which are common to BEA methods, while several new indicators are introduced to address sustainability issues not previously accounted for in BEA methods. The final outcome is a framework that can be used to determine the extent of sustainability of building projects. With the aid of the proposed framework of indicators, it is possible to develop a complete sustainability index by allocating values to each indicator, through a survey of professionals in the building industry. Such an index could be used as a tool in developing sustainable buildings, thus meeting with aspirations of building design teams and clientele who seek high quality sustainable solutions for their endeavours. This effort would also pave way for further research into the domain of building sustainability.

: This EA has been prepared in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended, and analyzes impacts from construction and operation of a Water Treatment Building. Sulfuric acid and other chemicals are currently stored in the Power Plant which presents risks with the transport and usage of these chemicals. The Proposed Action is to construct a separate building for storage and use of these hazardous materials/chemicals. Following is a summary of the resources assessed and the potential impacts. The analysis looked at air quality but given the small area of the proposed site, minimal number of worker vehicles anticipated short duration of the construction, wind dispersal of the volatile organic chemicals emitted, and implementation of dust control measures, the potential direct impacts to air quality would be temporary and negligible. Impacts to geological resources would not be significant given the small construction area and the use of best management practices. Groundwater and surface water impacts would not be significant and a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit would not be required. The project area does not include optimal habitat for any Federal or state listed species and the area has been previously disturbed so no significant biological impacts were identified. Previous surveys did not identify any cultural resources in the project area. No new hazardous materials would be introduced and removing the chemicals from the Power Plant and relocating them to a dedicated building was found to be beneficial to health and safety of personnel. No environmental justice impacts were identified. Overall no significant impacts were identified and a Finding of No Significant Impact was prepared.

Проаналізовано світовий досвід у царині забезпечення пожежної безпеки промислових будівель та складів, що головно базується на огляді публікацій за останні 5 років, зокрема і тих, що індексуються в наукометричній базі Scopus. Актуальним завданням у царині пожежної безпеки є розвиток уявлення про можливі перспективні напрями розвитку систем протипожежного захисту промислових будівель та складів, що має базуватися на ґрунтовному аналізі світового досвіду у цій площині. Проаналізовано вплив чинників пожежної безпеки підприємств нафтохімічної промисловості, підземного зберігання дизельного палива, складів текстильної промисловості та складів тютюну з точки зору аспектів свідомості та обізнаності персоналу в царині пожежної безпеки, протипожежних об'єктів (об'єктових пожежно-рятувальних частин, добровільних пожежних команд тощо), управління пожежною безпекою та технічного забезпечення, а також наведено причинно-наслідковий аналіз цієї системи. Встановлено, що забезпечення пожежної безпеки підприємств ґрунтується на ефективному функціонуванні систем протипожежного захисту, а також принципах раннього виявлення пожеж шляхом застосування сучасних систем пожежної сигналізації. З'ясовано, що перспективи розвитку в окресленій проблематиці мають базуватися на застосуванні сучасних технологій, досконалості нормативно-технічної бази, а також застосуванні новітніх підходів до організації системи протипожежного захисту промислових будівель та складів.